{
"METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH":{"STUDY_ID":"ST001731","ANALYSIS_ID":"AN002817","VERSION":"1","CREATED_ON":"March 24, 2021, 2:58 pm"},

"PROJECT":{"PROJECT_TITLE":"Mitochondrial ATP fuels ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux in cancer chemoresistance","PROJECT_SUMMARY":"Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ABC transporters remains a significant problem. The development of safe and effective means to overcome chemoresistance is critical for achieving durable remissions in many cancer patients. We have investigated the energetic demands of ABC transporters in the context of the metabolic adaptations of chemoresistant cancer cells. Here we show that ABC transporters use mitochondrial-derived ATP as a source of energy to efflux drugs out of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of MCJ (DnaJC15), an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, in chemoresistant cancer cells boosts their ability to produce ATP from mitochondria and fuel ABC transporters. We have developed novel MCJ mimetics that can attenuate mitochondrial respiration and safely overcome chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Administration of MCJ mimetics in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs could therefore become an new strategy for treatment of multiple cancers.","INSTITUTE":"University of Colorado Denver","DEPARTMENT":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics","LABORATORY":"Angelo D'Alessandro","LAST_NAME":"Culp-Hill","FIRST_NAME":"Rachel","ADDRESS":"12801 E 17th Ave L18-9403D, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA","EMAIL":"rachel.hill@cuanschutz.edu","PHONE":"303-724-5798"},

"STUDY":{"STUDY_TITLE":"Mitochondrial ATP fuels ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux in cancer chemoresistance (part-II)","STUDY_SUMMARY":"Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ABC transporters remains a significant problem. The development of safe and effective means to overcome chemoresistance is critical for achieving durable remissions in many cancer patients. We have investigated the energetic demands of ABC transporters in the context of the metabolic adaptations of chemoresistant cancer cells. Here we show that ABC transporters use mitochondrial-derived ATP as a source of energy to efflux drugs out of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of MCJ (DnaJC15), an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, in chemoresistant cancer cells boosts their ability to produce ATP from mitochondria and fuel ABC transporters. We have developed novel MCJ mimetics that can attenuate mitochondrial respiration and safely overcome chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Administration of MCJ mimetics in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs could therefore become an new strategy for treatment of multiple cancers.","INSTITUTE":"University of Colorado Denver","DEPARTMENT":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics","LABORATORY":"Angelo D'Alessandro","LAST_NAME":"Culp-Hill","FIRST_NAME":"Rachel","ADDRESS":"12801 E 17th Ave L18-9403D, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA","EMAIL":"rachel.hill@cuanschutz.edu","PHONE":"303-724-5798"},

"SUBJECT":{"SUBJECT_TYPE":"Cultured cells","SUBJECT_SPECIES":"Homo sapiens","TAXONOMY_ID":"9606"},
"SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS":[
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"control1",
"Factors":{"Factor":"Control"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"control1"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"control2",
"Factors":{"Factor":"Control"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"control2"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"control3",
"Factors":{"Factor":"Control"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"control3"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"control4",
"Factors":{"Factor":"Control"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"control4"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"siMCJ1",
"Factors":{"Factor":"siMCJkd"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"siMCJ1"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"siMCJ2",
"Factors":{"Factor":"siMCJkd"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"siMCJ2"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"siMCJ3",
"Factors":{"Factor":"siMCJkd"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"siMCJ3"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"siMCJ4",
"Factors":{"Factor":"siMCJkd"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"siMCJ4"}
}
],
"COLLECTION":{"COLLECTION_SUMMARY":"MCF7 cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). All cancer cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Sigma R8758) containing glucose (2 mg/ml) and glutamine (0.6 mg/ml) but no pyruvate and was supplemented with 5% Fetal calf serum.","SAMPLE_TYPE":"Cultured cells"},

"TREATMENT":{"TREATMENT_SUMMARY":"MCF7 cell transfections were performed using siPORT NeoFX Transfection Agent (ThermoFisher Scientific) following the recommended protocol for an oligonucleotide siRNA based on the previously described MCJ targeting sequence."},

"SAMPLEPREP":{"SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY":"All cancer cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Sigma R8758) containing glucose (2 mg/ml) and glutamine (0.6 mg/ml) but no pyruvate and was supplemented with 5% Fetal calf serum. Metabolic profile comparisons of cells were performed on equal cell numbers. Cells were cultured under normal conditions, detached using trypsin-EDTA (0.05 %), counted, normalized to 0.5 x 10e6 in each sample, and cell pellets were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to analysis. Briefly, 2 x 10e6 cells and 20μL cell media were extracted in 1mL and 980μL cold lysis and extraction buffer (methanol : acetonitrile : water, 5:3:2), respectively, and pellets were discarded."},

"CHROMATOGRAPHY":{"CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY":"Positive Mode 10 μL of water and methanol soluble fractions were run through a Kinetex C18 1.7 μm, 100 x 2.1 mm (Phenomenex) reversed phase column (Positive ion mode - phase A: water, 0.1 % formic acid; B: acetonitrile, 0.1 % formic acid) via an ultra-high performance chromatographic system (UHPLC - Vanquish, Thermo Fisher). UHPLC was coupled in line with a high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap instrument run in positive polarity mode (QExactive, Thermo Fisher) at 70,000 resolution (at 200 m/z). Gradients and other technical parameters and the variants employed herein have been extensively described.","CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE":"Reversed phase","INSTRUMENT_NAME":"Thermo Vanquish","COLUMN_NAME":"Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (150 x 2.1mm, 2.6 um)"},

"ANALYSIS":{"ANALYSIS_TYPE":"MS"},

"MS":{"INSTRUMENT_NAME":"Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap","INSTRUMENT_TYPE":"Orbitrap","MS_TYPE":"ESI","ION_MODE":"POSITIVE","MS_COMMENTS":"UHPLC was coupled in line with a high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap instrument run in positive polarity mode (QExactive, Thermo Fisher) at 70,000 resolution (at 200 m/z). Gradients and other technical parameters and the variants employed herein have been extensively described."},

"MS_METABOLITE_DATA":{
"Units":"Relative Abundance",

"Data":[{"Metabolite":"L-alanine","control1":"25846710","control2":"27350690","control3":"22640420","control4":"19739830","siMCJ1":"32446750","siMCJ2":"19241770","siMCJ3":"28228450","siMCJ4":"28853130"},{"Metabolite":"L-arginine","control1":"33069100","control2":"29532740","control3":"32699410","control4":"34615490","siMCJ1":"29849810","siMCJ2":"22246150","siMCJ3":"26777620","siMCJ4":"29345380"},{"Metabolite":"L-asparagine","control1":"5287412","control2":"5712984","control3":"5482410","control4":"4585582","siMCJ1":"6469310","siMCJ2":"5051520","siMCJ3":"5509352","siMCJ4":"5743908"},{"Metabolite":"L-aspartate","control1":"7744486","control2":"9767284","control3":"8514543","control4":"5942422","siMCJ1":"11743320","siMCJ2":"9192721","siMCJ3":"11284300","siMCJ4":"10571520"},{"Metabolite":"L-cysteine","control1":"1760250","control2":"1921405","control3":"2544354","control4":"2048566","siMCJ1":"2161260","siMCJ2":"1869524","siMCJ3":"2426912","siMCJ4":"2554490"},{"Metabolite":"L-glutamate","control1":"118737400","control2":"115313100","control3":"103363900","control4":"95843420","siMCJ1":"151418100","siMCJ2":"102915700","siMCJ3":"123467200","siMCJ4":"128029200"},{"Metabolite":"L-glutamine","control1":"95674020","control2":"101819200","control3":"102486500","control4":"71178670","siMCJ1":"132242000","siMCJ2":"85573050","siMCJ3":"115139300","siMCJ4":"110588900"},{"Metabolite":"glycine","control1":"8511617","control2":"7847110","control3":"7520590","control4":"6644040","siMCJ1":"6981228","siMCJ2":"6922066","siMCJ3":"9191731","siMCJ4":"8462046"},{"Metabolite":"L-histidine","control1":"10195650","control2":"12795450","control3":"11361920","control4":"11110960","siMCJ1":"11841090","siMCJ2":"9188629","siMCJ3":"11684340","siMCJ4":"11789300"},{"Metabolite":"L-leucine","control1":"253702300","control2":"273581800","control3":"285953400","control4":"242578500","siMCJ1":"310626700","siMCJ2":"219719600","siMCJ3":"286417700","siMCJ4":"287651400"},{"Metabolite":"L-lysine","control1":"10238570","control2":"10186600","control3":"11436220","control4":"11038280","siMCJ1":"10564990","siMCJ2":"9040827","siMCJ3":"11533560","siMCJ4":"10673670"},{"Metabolite":"L-methionine","control1":"26931780","control2":"29639050","control3":"29281590","control4":"26628580","siMCJ1":"34055060","siMCJ2":"23554140","siMCJ3":"31454610","siMCJ4":"32121870"},{"Metabolite":"L-phenylalanine","control1":"31094620","control2":"42876280","control3":"38289340","control4":"36309640","siMCJ1":"44042860","siMCJ2":"31238240","siMCJ3":"43555600","siMCJ4":"40351850"},{"Metabolite":"L-proline","control1":"376454400","control2":"404296200","control3":"392707700","control4":"296764900","siMCJ1":"437001200","siMCJ2":"355542000","siMCJ3":"459411000","siMCJ4":"437958600"},{"Metabolite":"L-serine","control1":"2761064","control2":"3115084","control3":"2715200","control4":"2266976","siMCJ1":"3268343","siMCJ2":"2518774","siMCJ3":"3051352","siMCJ4":"3138984"},{"Metabolite":"L-threonine","control1":"7078662","control2":"7688394","control3":"6838836","control4":"5719390","siMCJ1":"8483821","siMCJ2":"5525374","siMCJ3":"7649098","siMCJ4":"7105282"},{"Metabolite":"L-tryptophan","control1":"22457620","control2":"23074490","control3":"23190210","control4":"20156750","siMCJ1":"30479700","siMCJ2":"23686550","siMCJ3":"27599750","siMCJ4":"26350720"},{"Metabolite":"L-tyrosine","control1":"34303300","control2":"44180310","control3":"32633180","control4":"35617530","siMCJ1":"39521890","siMCJ2":"29973860","siMCJ3":"37357670","siMCJ4":"38929500"},{"Metabolite":"L-valine","control1":"80137990","control2":"93697440","control3":"94559420","control4":"70457500","siMCJ1":"92323840","siMCJ2":"70728160","siMCJ3":"91989880","siMCJ4":"89335260"},{"Metabolite":"Adenosine","control1":"5904584","control2":"6238426","control3":"7516610","control4":"9179527","siMCJ1":"6041276","siMCJ2":"7767116","siMCJ3":"6488536","siMCJ4":"6100758"},{"Metabolite":"Adenine","control1":"11725050","control2":"14417000","control3":"10863840","control4":"11631650","siMCJ1":"10541880","siMCJ2":"9417337","siMCJ3":"11089910","siMCJ4":"11568840"},{"Metabolite":"CMP","control1":"2905915","control2":"2653824","control3":"2322369","control4":"1684017","siMCJ1":"3132887","siMCJ2":"2433419","siMCJ3":"1849567","siMCJ4":"2205717"},{"Metabolite":"Cytosine","control1":"14003400","control2":"18059840","control3":"17592360","control4":"12259710","siMCJ1":"14349860","siMCJ2":"11975520","siMCJ3":"16052290","siMCJ4":"17317450"},{"Metabolite":"Uracil","control1":"1471416","control2":"1819037","control3":"1917365","control4":"1930754","siMCJ1":"1860153","siMCJ2":"1908022","siMCJ3":"1949554","siMCJ4":"1530906"},{"Metabolite":"5-Hydroxyisourate","control1":"17971210","control2":"16622690","control3":"16513140","control4":"13635450","siMCJ1":"16036350","siMCJ2":"13259540","siMCJ3":"18585030","siMCJ4":"17562470"},{"Metabolite":"Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate","control1":"138242","control2":"145369","control3":"122009","control4":"132122","siMCJ1":"178237","siMCJ2":"137873","siMCJ3":"164350","siMCJ4":"154064"},{"Metabolite":"Nicotinamide","control1":"25937740","control2":"33106590","control3":"27544540","control4":"23228300","siMCJ1":"30222390","siMCJ2":"24493470","siMCJ3":"33707960","siMCJ4":"30177350"},{"Metabolite":"Adenylosuccinic acid","control1":"3829878","control2":"4757606","control3":"3196725","control4":"3952142","siMCJ1":"5286928","siMCJ2":"3413896","siMCJ3":"5512610","siMCJ4":"5151098"},{"Metabolite":"NAD+","control1":"6880292","control2":"6078630","control3":"6381926","control4":"5281322","siMCJ1":"6472016","siMCJ2":"6538806","siMCJ3":"7197498","siMCJ4":"5488570"},{"Metabolite":"Glutathione","control1":"760612600","control2":"959818000","control3":"670564600","control4":"758011600","siMCJ1":"824550500","siMCJ2":"650998600","siMCJ3":"737081900","siMCJ4":"800960300"},{"Metabolite":"Glutathione 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"Metabolites":[{"Metabolite":"L-alanine","CmpdID":"C00041","parent":"90.0555","medRt":"0.66"},{"Metabolite":"L-arginine","CmpdID":"C00062","parent":"175.1187","medRt":"0.62"},{"Metabolite":"L-asparagine","CmpdID":"C00152","parent":"133.0606","medRt":"0.65"},{"Metabolite":"L-aspartate","CmpdID":"C00049","parent":"134.0448","medRt":"0.66"},{"Metabolite":"L-cysteine","CmpdID":"C00097","parent":"122.0273","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"L-glutamate","CmpdID":"C00025","parent":"148.0602","medRt":"0.66"},{"Metabolite":"L-glutamine","CmpdID":"C00064","parent":"147.0762","medRt":"0.66"},{"Metabolite":"glycine","CmpdID":"C00037","parent":"76.0400","medRt":"1.81"},{"Metabolite":"L-histidine","CmpdID":"C00135","parent":"156.0766","medRt":"0.62"},{"Metabolite":"L-leucine","CmpdID":"C00123","parent":"132.1019","medRt":"0.69"},{"Metabolite":"L-lysine","CmpdID":"C00047","parent":"147.1126","medRt":"0.61"},{"Metabolite":"L-methionine","CmpdID":"C00073","parent":"150.0579","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"L-phenylalanine","CmpdID":"C00079","parent":"166.0860","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"L-proline","CmpdID":"C00148","parent":"116.0708","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"L-serine","CmpdID":"C00065","parent":"106.0502","medRt":"0.65"},{"Metabolite":"L-threonine","CmpdID":"C00188","parent":"120.0657","medRt":"0.66"},{"Metabolite":"L-tryptophan","CmpdID":"C00078","parent":"205.0968","medRt":"1.73"},{"Metabolite":"L-tyrosine","CmpdID":"C00082","parent":"182.0809","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"L-valine","CmpdID":"C00183","parent":"118.0865","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"Adenosine","CmpdID":"C00212","parent":"268.1032","medRt":"0.69"},{"Metabolite":"Adenine","CmpdID":"C00147","parent":"136.0617","medRt":"0.71"},{"Metabolite":"CMP","CmpdID":"C00055","parent":"324.0585","medRt":"0.67"},{"Metabolite":"Cytosine","CmpdID":"C00380","parent":"112.0508","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"Uracil","CmpdID":"C00106","parent":"113.0348","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"5-Hydroxyisourate","CmpdID":"C11821","parent":"185.0311","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"Pyridoxamine 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(acetyl-carnitine)","CmpdID":"C02571","parent":"204.1227","medRt":"0.69"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C3 (propionyl-carnitine)","CmpdID":"C03017","parent":"218.1382","medRt":"0.69"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C4 (butanoyl-l-carnitine)","CmpdID":"C02862","parent":"232.1538","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C5:1 (Tiglylcarnitine)","CmpdID":"HMDB02366","parent":"244.1539","medRt":"1.75"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C5 (isovalerylcarnitine)","CmpdID":"HMDB00688","parent":"246.1694","medRt":"1.75"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C4-OH (Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine)","CmpdID":"HMDB13127","parent":"248.1487","medRt":"0.68"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C6 (hexanoyl-l-carnitine)","CmpdID":"HMDB00756","parent":"260.1851","medRt":"1.80"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C8:1 (octenoyl-l-carnitine)","CmpdID":"ac111","parent":"286.2005","medRt":"1.84"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C8 (L-octanoylcarnitine","CmpdID":"HMDB00791","parent":"288.2161","medRt":"1.87"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C10 (O-Decanoyl-L-carnitine)","CmpdID":"C03299","parent":"316.2475","medRt":"1.99"},{"Metabolite":"acyl-C12:1 (O-dodecenoyl-carnitine)","CmpdID":"HMDB13326","parent":"342.2630","medRt":"1.83"},{"Metabolite":"cis-p-Coumarate","CmpdID":"C06738","parent":"165.0545","medRt":"0.70"},{"Metabolite":"Shikimate 3-phosphate","CmpdID":"C03175","parent":"255.0277","medRt":"0.80"}]
}

}