{
"METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH":{"STUDY_ID":"ST002227","ANALYSIS_ID":"AN003636","VERSION":"1","CREATED_ON":"July 15, 2022, 1:36 pm"},

"PROJECT":{"PROJECT_TITLE":"Dynamic partitioning of branched-chain amino acids-derived nitrogen supports renal cancer progression","PROJECT_SUMMARY":"Metabolic reprogramming is critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, the exact impact of specific metabolic changes on cancer progression is poorly understood. Here, we integrate multimodal analyses of primary and metastatic clonally related clear cell renal cancer cells (ccRCC) grown in physiological media to identify key stage-specific metabolic vulnerabilities. We show that a VHL loss-dependent reprogramming of branched-chain amino acid catabolism sustains the de novo biosynthesis of aspartate and arginine enabling tumor cells with the flexibility of partitioning the nitrogen of the amino acids depending on their needs. Importantly, we identify the epigenetic reactivation of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1), a urea cycle enzyme suppressed in primary ccRCC, as a crucial event for metastatic renal cancer cells to acquire the capability to generate arginine, invade in vitro and metastasize in vivo. Overall, our study uncovers a novel mechanism of metabolic flexibility occurring during ccRCC progression, paving the way for the development of novel stage-specific therapies.","INSTITUTE":"CECAD Research Center","LAST_NAME":"Yang","FIRST_NAME":"Ming","ADDRESS":"Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Köln, Koeln, 50931, Germany","EMAIL":"ming.yang@uni-koeln.de","PHONE":"4922147884306"},

"STUDY":{"STUDY_TITLE":"Assessing the contribution of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-derived nitrogen to amino acid biosynthesis in renal cell lines HK2 and 786-O.","STUDY_SUMMARY":"The objective of this experiment is to test the contribution of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA)-derived nitrogen to the generation of de novo amino acids in renal cells through transamination reactions. To test this hypothesis, we incubated human renal epithelial cell line HK2 and ccRCC cell lines 786-O, 786-M1A and 786-M2A with 15N-leucine and 15N-isoleucine in Plasmax media for 27h. Data were generated from 5 independent cultures. This is Part 2 of the study and the experimental number is MS48.","INSTITUTE":"CECAD Research Center","LAST_NAME":"Yang","FIRST_NAME":"Ming","ADDRESS":"Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Köln, Koeln, 50931, Germany","EMAIL":"ming.yang@uni-koeln.de","PHONE":"4922147884306"},

"SUBJECT":{"SUBJECT_TYPE":"Cultured cells","SUBJECT_SPECIES":"Homo sapiens","TAXONOMY_ID":"9606"},
"SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS":[
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-01",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"HK2","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-01"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-02",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"HK2","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-02"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-03",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"HK2","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-03"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-04",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"HK2","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-04"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-05",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"HK2","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-05"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-06",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-O","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-06"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-07",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-O","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-07"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-08",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-O","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-08"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-09",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-O","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-09"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-10",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-O","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-10"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS49-11",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M1A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS49-11"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-12",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M1A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-12"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-13",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M1A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-13"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-14",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M1A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-14"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-15",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M1A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-15"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-16",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M2A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-16"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-17",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M2A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-17"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-18",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M2A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-18"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-19",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M2A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-19"}
},
{
"Subject ID":"-",
"Sample ID":"MS48-20",
"Factors":{"Cell line":"786-M2A","Treatment":"15N-leucine+15N-isoleucine"},
"Additional sample data":{"RAW_FILE_NAME":"MS48-20"}
}
],
"COLLECTION":{"COLLECTION_SUMMARY":"2x105 cells were plated onto 6-well plates in Plasmax media (5 replicates for each cell type). The day after, the medium was replaced with fresh one containing 15N-leucine and 15N-isoleucine for 27h. Before extraction, cells were counted using CASY cell counter (Omni Life Sciences) using a separate counting plate. After that, cells were washed at room temperature with PBS twice and then kept in a cold bath with dry ice and methanol before adding the metabolite extraction solution.","SAMPLE_TYPE":"Cultured cells"},

"TREATMENT":{"TREATMENT_SUMMARY":"Cells were cultured in Plasmax media supplemented with 2.5% FBS in the presence of 15N-leucine and 15N-isoleucine for 27 hours."},

"SAMPLEPREP":{"SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY":"Metabolite extraction solution (50% methanol, 30% acetonitrile, 20% ultrapure water, 5 µM final concentration valine-d8) was added to each well after the washes in PBS following the proportion of 1ml of extraction solution per million cells. The extracts were scraped and mixed at 4°C for 15 min. After final centrifugation at max speed for 15 min at 4°C, the supernatants were transferred into LC-MS vials."},

"CHROMATOGRAPHY":{"CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY":"Chromatographic separation of metabolites was achieved using a Millipore Sequant ZIC-pHILIC analytical column (5 µm, 2.1 × 150 mm) equipped with a 2.1 × 20 mm guard column (both 5 mm particle size) with a binary solvent system. Solvent A was 20 mM ammonium carbonate, 0.05% ammonium hydroxide; Solvent B was acetonitrile. The column oven and autosampler tray were held at 40 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The chromatographic gradient was run at a flow rate of 0.200 mL/min as follows: 0–2 min: 80% B; 2-17 min: linear gradient from 80% B to 20% B; 17-17.1 min: linear gradient from 20% B to 80% B; 17.1-23 min: hold at 80% B. Samples were randomized and the injection volume was 5 µl. A pooled quality control (QC) sample was generated from an equal mixture of all individual samples and analysed interspersed at regular intervals.","CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE":"HILIC","INSTRUMENT_NAME":"Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000","COLUMN_NAME":"SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC"},

"ANALYSIS":{"ANALYSIS_TYPE":"MS"},

"MS":{"INSTRUMENT_NAME":"Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap","INSTRUMENT_TYPE":"Orbitrap","MS_TYPE":"ESI","ION_MODE":"UNSPECIFIED","MS_COMMENTS":"Metabolites were measured with a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass spectrometer (HRMS) coupled to a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC. The mass spectrometer was operated in full-scan, polarity-switching mode, with the spray voltage set to +4.5 kV/-3.5 kV, the heated capillary held at 320 °C, and the auxiliary gas heater held at 280 °C. The sheath gas flow was set to 55 units, the auxiliary gas flow was set to 15 units, and the sweep gas flow was set to 0 unit. HRMS data acquisition was performed in a range of m/z = 70–900, with the resolution set at 70,000, the AGC target at 1 × 106, and the maximum injection time (Max IT) at 120 ms. Metabolite identities were confirmed using two parameters: (1) precursor ion m/z was matched within 5 ppm of theoretical mass predicted by the chemical formula; (2) the retention time of metabolites was within 5% of the retention time of a purified standard run with the same chromatographic method. Chromatogram review and peak area integration were performed using the Thermo Fisher software Tracefinder 5.0 and the peak area for each detected metabolite was normalized against the total ion count (TIC) of that sample to correct any variations introduced from sample handling through instrument analysis. The normalized areas were used as variables for further statistical data analysis."},

"MS_METABOLITE_DATA":{
"Units":"peak area",

"Data":[{"Metabolite":"leucine+isoleucine_15N0","MS48-01":"918991092.1","MS48-02":"989710423.3","MS48-03":"890084813.5","MS48-04":"762139435.2","MS48-05":"785235263.8","MS48-06":"717869543.5","MS48-07":"739991695","MS48-08":"764887066.7","MS48-09":"724782828","MS48-10":"757228953.3","MS49-11":"764243769","MS48-12":"901937091.7","MS48-13":"781105358.1","MS48-14":"791086170.1","MS48-15":"828938683.7","MS48-16":"755923757.4","MS48-17":"767757423.7","MS48-18":"721210949.2","MS48-19":"800343974.5","MS48-20":"931421344.8"},{"Metabolite":"leucine+isoleucine_15N1","MS48-01":"1004476089","MS48-02":"1021164054","MS48-03":"927712984.8","MS48-04":"838282300.1","MS48-05":"872321397.2","MS48-06":"1168817726","MS48-07":"1194203613","MS48-08":"1116848353","MS48-09":"894402565.5","MS48-10":"1085909784","MS49-11":"1395504197","MS48-12":"1344742234","MS48-13":"1283926288","MS48-14":"1344045820","MS48-15":"1240721024","MS48-16":"1512212700","MS48-17":"1380280190","MS48-18":"1378235898","MS48-19":"1503296835","MS48-20":"1506811368"},{"Metabolite":"alanine_15N0","MS48-01":"1228662844","MS48-02":"1368355370","MS48-03":"1350971919","MS48-04":"1177990202","MS48-05":"1189847469","MS48-06":"543175808.3","MS48-07":"510049431.6","MS48-08":"517418972.3","MS48-09":"464427833.7","MS48-10":"545249008.3","MS49-11":"563861130.6","MS48-12":"576594000.2","MS48-13":"539906390.5","MS48-14":"543557199.1","MS48-15":"540005082.5","MS48-16":"539897251.3","MS48-17":"531321348.1","MS48-18":"528072781.6","MS48-19":"551552384.7","MS48-20":"623604887.9"},{"Metabolite":"alanine_15N1","MS48-01":"130650132.4","MS48-02":"132157360.1","MS48-03":"125245705","MS48-04":"111991768.7","MS48-05":"119001938.6","MS48-06":"27248658.95","MS48-07":"30680862.56","MS48-08":"29852884.75","MS48-09":"25391443.8","MS48-10":"32223063","MS49-11":"31182184.84","MS48-12":"40010802.38","MS48-13":"33573921.74","MS48-14":"36602923.68","MS48-15":"37399426.34","MS48-16":"37215298.42","MS48-17":"42190704.45","MS48-18":"38321454.7","MS48-19":"41064728.57","MS48-20":"48172680.94"},{"Metabolite":"arginine_15N0","MS48-01":"61700569.19","MS48-02":"127762879.8","MS48-03":"228901368.9","MS48-04":"64843619.1","MS48-05":"32490279.88","MS48-06":"21828237.97","MS48-07":"12111725.97","MS48-08":"20678799.03","MS48-09":"254621285.8","MS48-10":"33101658.05","MS49-11":"42244725.51","MS48-12":"37439102.85","MS48-13":"53601985.1","MS48-14":"30725438.24","MS48-15":"36429546.41","MS48-16":"50596882","MS48-17":"43650998.26","MS48-18":"25438660.65","MS48-19":"59328247.53","MS48-20":"92354087.13"},{"Metabolite":"arginine_15N1","MS48-01":"958816.9068","MS48-02":"1733506.684","MS48-03":"3343086.491","MS48-04":"934999.0233","MS48-05":"269353.1018","MS48-06":"54349.49208","MS48-07":"0","MS48-08":"132917.8389","MS48-09":"3017695.754","MS48-10":"173350.8375","MS49-11":"1861708.531","MS48-12":"1835119.459","MS48-13":"2688243.208","MS48-14":"1468630.894","MS48-15":"1879717.152","MS48-16":"2611747.263","MS48-17":"2131934.568","MS48-18":"1247852.97","MS48-19":"2885488.146","MS48-20":"4876863.553"},{"Metabolite":"argininosuccinate_15N0","MS48-01":"1990292.963","MS48-02":"2061535.92","MS48-03":"1858160.206","MS48-04":"1607188.075","MS48-05":"1832865.889","MS48-06":"0","MS48-07":"0","MS48-08":"0","MS48-09":"0","MS48-10":"0","MS49-11":"1822040.591","MS48-12":"2600874.221","MS48-13":"1921183.281","MS48-14":"1918739.132","MS48-15":"2165947.26","MS48-16":"2035820.433","MS48-17":"2112802.255","MS48-18":"1944611.102","MS48-19":"2322822.333","MS48-20":"2563910.131"},{"Metabolite":"argininosuccinate_15N1","MS48-01":"288446.9914","MS48-02":"275254.736","MS48-03":"158825.4686","MS48-04":"241237.7465","MS48-05":"147595.2012","MS48-06":"0","MS48-07":"0","MS48-08":"0","MS48-09":"0","MS48-10":"0","MS49-11":"358840.4436","MS48-12":"443007.0052","MS48-13":"437309.7495","MS48-14":"500933.8447","MS48-15":"422700.7136","MS48-16":"350056.5653","MS48-17":"444438.8856","MS48-18":"358486.6666","MS48-19":"383005.1875","MS48-20":"497563.3553"},{"Metabolite":"asparagine_15N0","MS48-01":"112239780.5","MS48-02":"114669051.1","MS48-03":"101955796.1","MS48-04":"92212858.75","MS48-05":"96690994.57","MS48-06":"54859609.2","MS48-07":"55313914.73","MS48-08":"55244079.27","MS48-09":"43670180.37","MS48-10":"54887345.23","MS49-11":"59409534.6","MS48-12":"63465177.13","MS48-13":"59725178.4","MS48-14":"60369596.34","MS48-15":"60631659.1","MS48-16":"64875500.55","MS48-17":"64837496.93","MS48-18":"60993782.15","MS48-19":"66554808.37","MS48-20":"73473553.32"},{"Metabolite":"asparagine_15N1","MS48-01":"3063277.629","MS48-02":"3148624.298","MS48-03":"3040325.601","MS48-04":"2724491.561","MS48-05":"2788065.292","MS48-06":"4939468.804","MS48-07":"4886339.474","MS48-08":"4587957.892","MS48-09":"3138989.737","MS48-10":"4667547.234","MS49-11":"5147137.008","MS48-12":"5676022.619","MS48-13":"5263969.58","MS48-14":"5524120.951","MS48-15":"5561154.772","MS48-16":"5868876.561","MS48-17":"5889654.046","MS48-18":"5330308.655","MS48-19":"6079473.888","MS48-20":"6560976.361"},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}

}