#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH xpan1020_20240422_033545 DATATRACK_ID:4790 STUDY_ID:ST003203 ANALYSIS_ID:AN005254 PROJECT_ID:PR001997 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON May 14, 2024, 11:24 am #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Metabolomic investigation of tear fluid biomarkers PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY This project aims to evaluate the impact of consuming zinc biofortified wheat PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY flour on the zinc status and associated health outcomes of vulnerable PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY communities northwest Pakistan. Tear biofluid was collected as a non-invasive PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY method of determining whether zinc supplementation altered tear metabolomic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY biomarkers. PR:INSTITUTE Institute for Global Food Security PR:LAST_NAME Pan PR:FIRST_NAME Xiaobei PR:ADDRESS 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Antrim, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom PR:EMAIL x.pan@qub.ac.uk PR:PHONE 02890975984 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Metabolomic investigation of tear fluid biomarkers obtained from participants ST:STUDY_TITLE enrolled in the BiZiFED nutrition study ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Zinc is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency is particularly prevalent ST:STUDY_SUMMARY amongst the female population of Pakistan, leading to a substantial health ST:STUDY_SUMMARY burden on women of reproductive age and their children. Biofortification of ST:STUDY_SUMMARY wheat with zinc may offer a cost-effective strategy to attempt to improve ST:STUDY_SUMMARY nutritional status on a national scale. Biofortification with Zinc and Iron for ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Eliminating Deficiency (BiZiFED) is research program that aims to evaluate the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY impact of consuming zinc biofortified wheat flour on the zinc status and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY associated health outcomes of vulnerable communities northwest Pakistan. Of the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY health outcomes measured, tear biofluid was collected as a non-invasive method ST:STUDY_SUMMARY of determining whether zinc supplementation altered tear metabolomic biomarkers. ST:STUDY_SUMMARY In a crossover trial, 25 women of reproductive age received standard, ST:STUDY_SUMMARY non-biofortified wheat flour, and another 25 women received zinc-biofortified ST:STUDY_SUMMARY wheat flour for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, the nutritional intervention ST:STUDY_SUMMARY was switched for a further 8 weeks, whereby those individuals receiving the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY zinc-biofortified flour subsequently received the standard flour, whilst those ST:STUDY_SUMMARY receiving standard flour subsequently received the zinc-biofortified flour. The ST:STUDY_SUMMARY tear biofluid was collected using Schirmer strips after a 2-week baseline period ST:STUDY_SUMMARY and after 8 weeks and 16 weeks of the study. Metabolomic analysis was conducted ST:STUDY_SUMMARY using the MxP Quant 500 kit (Biocrates). Following multiple comparisons, four ST:STUDY_SUMMARY metabolites were significantly correlated with plasma zinc concentration, two ST:STUDY_SUMMARY demonstrating a positive correlation and two demonstrating a negative ST:STUDY_SUMMARY correlation. Five metabolites were significantly altered in response to zinc ST:STUDY_SUMMARY supplementation with biofortified wheat flour. These results highlight the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY potential of using tear biofluids as an alternative source for metabolomic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY biomarkers for the assessment of zinc status of individuals enrolled in ST:STUDY_SUMMARY nutritional studies. ST:INSTITUTE Institute for Global Food Security ST:LAST_NAME Pan ST:FIRST_NAME Xiaobei ST:ADDRESS 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Antrim, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom ST:EMAIL x.pan@qub.ac.uk ST:PHONE 02890975984 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Human SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Homo sapiens SU:TAXONOMY_ID 9606 SU:GENDER Male and female #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F1 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_74_0_1_1_00_1008951918.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_74_1_1_1_00_1008951918.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F3 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_86_0_1_1_00_1008951922.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_86_1_1_1_00_1008951922.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F11 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_03_0_1_1_00_1008951937.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_03_1_1_1_00_1008951937.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F15 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_15_0_1_1_00_1008951941.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_15_1_1_1_00_1008951941.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F17 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_27_0_1_1_00_1008951956.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_27_1_1_1_00_1008951956.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F19 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_39_0_1_1_00_1008951961.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_39_1_1_1_00_1008951961.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F23 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_51_0_1_1_00_1008951975.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_51_1_1_1_00_1008951975.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F29 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_63_0_1_1_00_1008951980.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_63_1_1_1_00_1008951980.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F33 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_75_0_1_1_00_1008951994.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_75_1_1_1_00_1008951994.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F35 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_87_0_1_1_00_1008952006.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_87_1_1_1_00_1008952006.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F37 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_04_0_1_1_00_1008952011.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_04_1_1_1_00_1008952011.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F45 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_16_0_1_1_00_1008952025.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_16_1_1_1_00_1008952025.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F47 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_28_0_1_1_00_1008952030.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_28_1_1_1_00_1008952030.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F4 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_40_0_1_1_00_1008952044.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_40_1_1_1_00_1008952044.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F6 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_52_0_1_1_00_1008952059.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_52_1_1_1_00_1008952059.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F8 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_64_0_1_1_00_1008952063.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_64_1_1_1_00_1008952063.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F10 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_76_0_1_1_00_1008952078.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_76_1_1_1_00_1008952078.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F14 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_88_0_1_1_00_1008952082.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_88_1_1_1_00_1008952082.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F16 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_05_0_1_1_00_1008952097.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_05_1_1_1_00_1008952097.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F18 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_17_0_1_1_00_1008952108.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_17_1_1_1_00_1008952108.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F22 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_41_0_1_1_00_1008952112.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_41_1_1_1_00_1008952112.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F24 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_53_0_1_1_00_1008952127.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_53_1_1_1_00_1008952127.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F26 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_65_0_1_1_00_1008952131.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_65_1_1_1_00_1008952131.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F30 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_77_0_1_1_00_1008952146.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_77_1_1_1_00_1008952146.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F38 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_89_0_1_1_00_1008952151.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_89_1_1_1_00_1008952151.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ1F42 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_06_0_1_1_00_1008952165.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_06_1_1_1_00_1008952165.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F1 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_18_0_1_1_00_1008952170.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_18_1_1_1_00_1008952170.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F3 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_30_0_1_1_00_1008952184.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_30_1_1_1_00_1008952184.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F11 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_42_0_1_1_00_1008952199.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_42_1_1_1_00_1008952199.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F15 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_54_0_1_1_00_1008952200.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_54_1_1_1_00_1008952200.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F17 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_66_0_1_1_00_1008952214.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_66_1_1_1_00_1008952214.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F19 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_78_0_1_1_00_1008952229.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_78_1_1_1_00_1008952229.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F23 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_90_0_1_1_00_1008952233.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_90_1_1_1_00_1008952233.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F29 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_07_0_1_1_00_1008952248.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_07_1_1_1_00_1008952248.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F33 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_19_0_1_1_00_1008952252.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_19_1_1_1_00_1008952252.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F35 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_31_0_1_1_00_1008952267.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_31_1_1_1_00_1008952267.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F37 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_43_0_1_1_00_1008952271.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_43_1_1_1_00_1008952271.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F45 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_55_0_1_1_00_1008952286.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_55_1_1_1_00_1008952286.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F47 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_67_0_1_1_00_1008952291.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_67_1_1_1_00_1008952291.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F4 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_91_0_1_1_00_1008952301.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_91_1_1_1_00_1008952301.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F6 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_08_0_1_1_00_1008952316.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_08_1_1_1_00_1008952316.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F8 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_20_0_1_1_00_1008952321.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_20_1_1_1_00_1008952321.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F10 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_32_0_1_1_00_1008952335.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_32_1_1_1_00_1008952335.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F14 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_44_0_1_1_00_1008952340.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_44_1_1_1_00_1008952340.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F16 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_56_0_1_1_00_1008952354.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_56_1_1_1_00_1008952354.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F18 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_68_0_1_1_00_1008952369.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_68_1_1_1_00_1008952369.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F22 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_80_0_1_1_00_1008952373.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_80_1_1_1_00_1008952373.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F24 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_92_0_1_1_00_1008952388.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_92_1_1_1_00_1008952388.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F26 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_09_0_1_1_00_1008952392.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_09_1_1_1_00_1008952392.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F30 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_21_0_1_1_00_1008952403.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_21_1_1_1_00_1008952403.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F38 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_33_0_1_1_00_1008952418.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_33_1_1_1_00_1008952418.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ2F42 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_45_0_1_1_00_1008952422.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_45_1_1_1_00_1008952422.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F1 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_57_0_1_1_00_1008952437.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_57_1_1_1_00_1008952437.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F3 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_69_0_1_1_00_1008952441.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_69_1_1_1_00_1008952441.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F11 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_81_0_1_1_00_1008952456.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_81_1_1_1_00_1008952456.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F15 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_93_0_1_1_00_1008952461.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_93_1_1_1_00_1008952461.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F17 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_10_0_1_1_00_1008952475.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_10_1_1_1_00_1008952475.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F19 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_22_0_1_1_00_1008952480.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_22_1_1_1_00_1008952480.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F23 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_34_0_1_1_00_1008952494.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_34_1_1_1_00_1008952494.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F29 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_58_0_1_1_00_1008952505.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_58_1_1_1_00_1008952505.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F33 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_70_0_1_1_00_1008952510.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_70_1_1_1_00_1008952510.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F35 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_82_0_1_1_00_1008952524.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_82_1_1_1_00_1008952524.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F37 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_94_0_1_1_00_1008952539.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_94_1_1_1_00_1008952539.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F45 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_11_0_1_1_00_1008952543.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_11_1_1_1_00_1008952543.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F47 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_23_0_1_1_00_1008952558.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_23_1_1_1_00_1008952558.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F4 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_35_0_1_1_00_1008952562.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_35_1_1_1_00_1008952562.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F6 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_47_0_1_1_00_1008952577.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_47_1_1_1_00_1008952577.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F8 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_59_0_1_1_00_1008952581.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_59_1_1_1_00_1008952581.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F10 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_71_0_1_1_00_1008952596.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_71_1_1_1_00_1008952596.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F14 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_83_0_1_1_00_1008952607.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_83_1_1_1_00_1008952607.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F16 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_95_0_1_1_00_1008952611.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_95_1_1_1_00_1008952611.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F18 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_12_0_1_1_00_1008952626.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_12_1_1_1_00_1008952626.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F22 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_24_0_1_1_00_1008952631.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_24_1_1_1_00_1008952631.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F24 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_36_0_1_1_00_1008952645.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_36_1_1_1_00_1008952645.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F26 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_48_0_1_1_00_1008952650.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_48_1_1_1_00_1008952650.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F30 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_60_0_1_1_00_1008952664.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_60_1_1_1_00_1008952664.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F38 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_72_0_1_1_00_1008952679.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_72_1_1_1_00_1008952679.wiff SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - BZ3F42 Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N RAW_FILE_NAME(Pos raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_84_0_1_1_00_1008952683.wiff; RAW_FILE_NAME(Neg raw file name)=MXP500L-0-5812_1008952698_84_1_1_1_00_1008952683.wiff #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Tears were collected on Schirmer tear test strips (4701001, Haag-Streit UK Ltd., CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Essex, UK) from both eyes of the study participants. Briefly, the Schirmer CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY strips were folded at the notch, before resting the rounded notch in the CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY inferior conjunctival fornix (inside the lower eyelid) (FIGURE SUPPLEMENTARY CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY 1A). Participants were given the option to close their eyes. The Schirmer strips CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY were removed when the strips became saturated with tear fluid, or once 5 minutes CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY had passed, whichever came first. The strips were shipped to QUB at ambient CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY temperature, and stored at -80°C prior to analysis . CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Tear #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY In brief, a total of 50 households, with at least one 16-49 year-old woman, who TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY was neither pregnant nor breastfeeding nor consuming additional nutritional TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY supplementation, were randomly selected for the study. The selected households TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY were provided with either freshly-milled Zincol-2016/NR-421 grain (genetically TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY and agronomically Zn-biofortified) or Galaxy-2013 grain (control), with the TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY intention that these were the only flours to be consumed for the duration of the TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY study. A two-week baseline period was established with control flour, before the TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY households were randomly separated into two groups for the purposes of the TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY study, one which received Zincol-2016/NR-421 grain for eight weeks and then TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Galaxy-2013 control grain for eight weeks, whilst the other received control TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY grain for eight weeks followed by Zn-biofortified grain. Where possible, blood TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY and tear samples were collected at the 2-week (baseline), 10-week and 18-week TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY time points of the study. Then tear samples from study participants were TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY selected based on the zinc status of the individual at the baseline timepoint. TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Plasma zinc concentration is the most commonly used marker of zinc status and a TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY value of 660 µgZn/L was used as the threshold below which a participant was TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY categorized as zinc deficient. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY One Schirmer strip from each participant at each timepoint was cut into 5 mm SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY sections, up until the tear front was reached, and placed into sterile tubes. A SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY length-adjusted volume of ice-cold 80% methanol was then added to each tube (500 SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY µL per 46 mm Schirmer strip). Strips were vigorously vortexed in the extraction SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY solution for 2 mins before centrifugation at 15,700 RCF at 4°C. Supernatant was SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY transferred to a fresh, clean tube and stored at -80°C before analysis. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Targeted metabolomics profiling was performed using a commercially available SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY kit, MxP® Quant500 kit as instructed. #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY Biocrates MxP Quant500 kit column, Product number: 21117.2 CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY (https://shop.biocrates.com/21117.2) CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE Reversed phase CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME AB Sciex5500+ CH:COLUMN_NAME Biocrates MxP Quant500 (XL) Kit column system CH:SOLVENT_A 100% Water; 0.2% formic acid CH:SOLVENT_B 100% Acetonitrile; 0.2% formic acid CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 0.8ml/min: 0-0.25min: 0%B, 0.25-1.5min: 12%B, 1.5-2.7min: 17.5%B, 2.7-4min: CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 50%B, 4-4.5min: 100%B, 1ml/min: 4.5-4.7min: 100%B, 4.7-5.0min: 100%B, CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 5.0-5.1min: 100%B, 0.8ml/min: 5.1-5.8min: 100%B CH:FLOW_RATE 0.8-1ml/min CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 50 #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME ABI Sciex 5500+ MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE Triple quadrupole MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE NEGATIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS ESI negative acquisition. Data were acquired using Analyst and processed using MS:MS_COMMENTS the MetIDQ software. #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS uM MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples BZ1F1 BZ1F3 BZ1F11 BZ1F15 BZ1F17 BZ1F19 BZ1F23 BZ1F29 BZ1F33 BZ1F35 BZ1F37 BZ1F45 BZ1F47 BZ1F4 BZ1F6 BZ1F8 BZ1F10 BZ1F14 BZ1F16 BZ1F18 BZ1F22 BZ1F24 BZ1F26 BZ1F30 BZ1F38 BZ1F42 BZ2F1 BZ2F3 BZ2F11 BZ2F15 BZ2F17 BZ2F19 BZ2F23 BZ2F29 BZ2F33 BZ2F35 BZ2F37 BZ2F45 BZ2F47 BZ2F4 BZ2F6 BZ2F8 BZ2F10 BZ2F14 BZ2F16 BZ2F18 BZ2F22 BZ2F24 BZ2F26 BZ2F30 BZ2F38 BZ2F42 BZ3F1 BZ3F3 BZ3F11 BZ3F15 BZ3F17 BZ3F19 BZ3F23 BZ3F29 BZ3F33 BZ3F35 BZ3F37 BZ3F45 BZ3F47 BZ3F4 BZ3F6 BZ3F8 BZ3F10 BZ3F14 BZ3F16 BZ3F18 BZ3F22 BZ3F24 BZ3F26 BZ3F30 BZ3F38 BZ3F42 Factors Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 2 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 10 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:1 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):Y Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N Sample source:Tear | Study Arm:2 | Timepoint:Week 18 | PZC (< 660 ug/L):N CA 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.014 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.01 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.008 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.006 CDCA 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.003 0 0.004 0 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0 0.003 0 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.002 0 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.001 DCA 0.086 0.022 0.015 0.043 0.019 0.016 0.032 0.023 0.014 0.018 0.022 0.024 0.017 0.014 0.022 0.015 0.018 0.02 0.013 0.024 0.021 0.013 0.026 0.018 0.034 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.011 0.023 0.015 0.02 0.013 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.019 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.018 0.017 0.018 0.014 0.015 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.025 0.017 0.013 0.024 0.026 0.014 0.018 0.017 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.016 0.025 0.015 0.019 0.017 0.022 GCA 0.014 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.01 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.014 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.029 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.024 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 GCDCA 0.004 0.001 0.001 0 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0 0.003 0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.011 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 0.001 0.001 0 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.004 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 GDCA 0.004 0.001 0.001 0 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.002 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.003 0 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 GLCA 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 GLCAS 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 GUDCA 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 TCA 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.013 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 TCDCA 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 TDCA 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 TLCA 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 TMCA 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name CA CDCA DCA GCA GCDCA GDCA GLCA GLCAS GUDCA TCA TCDCA TDCA TLCA TMCA METABOLITES_END #END