#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH barbaraggcarvalho_20240620_035113 DATATRACK_ID:4943 STUDY_ID:ST003276 ANALYSIS_ID:AN005364 PROJECT_ID:PR002028
VERSION             	1
CREATED_ON             	June 20, 2024, 6:45 am
#PROJECT
PR:PROJECT_TITLE                 	Metabolomics analysis of human spermatozoa reveals impaired metabolic pathways
PR:PROJECT_TITLE                 	in asthenozoospermia
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Background: Infertility is a major health issue, affecting 15% of
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	reproductive-age couples with male factors contributing to 50% of cases.
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Asthenozoospermia, or low sperm motility, is a common cause of male infertility
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	with complex etiology, involving genetic and metabolic alterations,
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms behind low
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	motility are unclear. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach to identify
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	metabolic biomarkers and pathways involved in sperm motility. Methods: We
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	compared the metabolome and lipidome of spermatozoa of men with normozoospermia
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	(n = 44) and asthenozoospermia (n = 22) using untargeted LC-MS and the
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	metabolome of seminal fluid using 1H-NMR. Additionally, we evaluated the seminal
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	fluid redox status to assess the oxidative stress in the ejaculate. Results: We
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	identified 112 metabolites and 209 lipids in spermatozoa and 27 metabolites in
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	the seminal fluid of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men. PCA analysis of
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	the spermatozoa’s metabolomics and lipidomics data showed a clear separation
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	between groups. Spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic men presented lower levels of
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	several amino acids, and increased levels of energetic substrates and
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	lysophospholipids. However, the metabolome and redox status of the seminal fluid
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	was not altered in asthenozoospermia. Conclusions: Our results indicate impaired
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	metabolic pathways associated with redox homeostasis and amino acid, energy, and
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	lipid metabolism in asthenozoospermia. Taken together, these findings suggest
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	that the metabolome and lipidome of human spermatozoa are key factors
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	influencing their motility and that oxidative stress exposure during
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	spermatogenesis or sperm maturation may be in the etiology of decreased motility
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	in asthenozoospermia.
PR:INSTITUTE                     	University of Aveiro
PR:DEPARTMENT                    	Department of Chemistry
PR:LAST_NAME                     	Guerra-Carvalho
PR:FIRST_NAME                    	Bárbara
PR:ADDRESS                       	Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
PR:EMAIL                         	barbaraggcarvalho@gmail.com
PR:PHONE                         	234 370 360
PR:PROJECT_COMMENTS              	Study part 2 of 2
#STUDY
ST:STUDY_TITLE                   	Metabolomics analysis of human spermatozoa reveals impaired metabolic pathways
ST:STUDY_TITLE                   	in asthenozoospermia
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Background: Infertility is a major health issue, affecting 15% of
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	reproductive-age couples with male factors contributing to 50% of cases.
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Asthenozoospermia, or low sperm motility, is a common cause of male infertility
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	with complex etiology, involving genetic and metabolic alterations,
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms behind low
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	motility are unclear. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach to identify
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	metabolic biomarkers and pathways involved in sperm motility. Methods: We
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	compared the metabolome and lipidome of spermatozoa of men with normozoospermia
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	(n = 44) and asthenozoospermia (n = 22) using untargeted LC-MS and the
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	metabolome of seminal fluid using 1H-NMR. Additionally, we evaluated the seminal
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	fluid redox status to assess the oxidative stress in the ejaculate. Results: We
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	identified 112 metabolites and 209 lipids in spermatozoa and 27 metabolites in
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	the seminal fluid of normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men. PCA analysis of
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	the spermatozoa’s metabolomics and lipidomics data showed a clear separation
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	between groups. Spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic men presented lower levels of
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	several amino acids, and increased levels of energetic substrates and
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	lysophospholipids. However, the metabolome and redox status of the seminal fluid
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	was not altered in asthenozoospermia. Conclusions: Our results indicate impaired
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	metabolic pathways associated with redox homeostasis and amino acid, energy, and
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	lipid metabolism in asthenozoospermia. Taken together, these findings suggest
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	that the metabolome and lipidome of human spermatozoa are key factors
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	influencing their motility and that oxidative stress exposure during
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	spermatogenesis or sperm maturation may be in the etiology of decreased motility
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	in asthenozoospermia.
ST:INSTITUTE                     	University of Aveiro
ST:DEPARTMENT                    	Department of Chemistry
ST:LAST_NAME                     	Guerra-Carvalho
ST:FIRST_NAME                    	Bárbara
ST:ADDRESS                       	Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
ST:EMAIL                         	barbaraggcarvalho@gmail.com
ST:PHONE                         	234 370 360
ST:NUM_GROUPS                    	2
ST:TOTAL_SUBJECTS                	57
ST:NUM_MALES                     	57
#SUBJECT
SU:SUBJECT_TYPE                  	Human
SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES               	Homo sapiens
SU:TAXONOMY_ID                   	9606
SU:AGE_OR_AGE_RANGE              	20 to 49 years old
SU:GENDER                        	Male
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	Participants enrolled in this study were randomly recruited among men who
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	attended fertility consultations at the Centre for Reproductive Genetics
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	Professor Alberto Barros (Porto, Portugal) and the Centro Hospitalar
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	Universitário de Santo António (Porto, Portugal) from March to June 2021.
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	Adult men (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with asthenozoospermia (AS, sperm total
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	motility < 42%) were recruited for AS group and men with normal sperm parameters
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	(sperm concentration ≥ 15 million cells/mL, sperm count ≥ 39 million cells
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	and sperm total motility ≥ 42%) were recruited for the control group
SU:HUMAN_INCLUSION_CRITERIA      	(normozoospermia (NZ) group).
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	Men with a history of abusing drugs or alcoholism, under treatment or exposed to
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	drugs known to interfere with fertility, diagnosed with acute genital
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	inflammatory disease or with systemic disease known to affect fertility before
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	sperm collection, survivors of cancer treatment, or men diagnosed with
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	leukocytospermia were excluded from this study. Smoking was not included as an
SU:HUMAN_EXCLUSION_CRITERIA      	exclusion criterion for this study.
#SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS:         	SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N3	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=3
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N4	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=4
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N14	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=14
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N15	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=15
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N22	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=22
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N24	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=24
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N26	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=26
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N27	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=27
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N28	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=28
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N29	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=29
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N33	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=33
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N34	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=34
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N39	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=39
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N43	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=43
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N44	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=44
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N49	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=49
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N53	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=53
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N56	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=56
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N58	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=58
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N64	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=64
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N2	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=2
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N5	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=5
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N6	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=6
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N7	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=7
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N8	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=8
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N10	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=10
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N11	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=11
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N12	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=12
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N13	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=13
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N16	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=16
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N18	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=18
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N19	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=19
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N20	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=20
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N21	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=21
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N23	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=23
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N25	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=25
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N30	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=30
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N31	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=31
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N35	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=35
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N36	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=36
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N38	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=38
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N40	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=40
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N42	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=42
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N45	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=45
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N46	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=46
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N47	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=47
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N48	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=48
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N50	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=50
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N51	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=51
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N52	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=52
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N55	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=55
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N57	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=57
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N59	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=59
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N61	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=61
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N63	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=63
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N68	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=68
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	N70	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file name)=70
#COLLECTION
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	Human seminal samples were obtained through masturbation into a specific sterile
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	container after 2 to 4 days of sexual abstinence. After collection, samples were
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	left at 37°C until complete liquefaction and sperm parameters (semen pH,
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm count and sperm motility) were
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	analyzed according to the WHO guidelines 5. After routine semen analysis,
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	spermatozoa were separated from the seminal fluid through centrifugation at
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	500.g for 5 min. Seminal fluid was collected into new centrifuge tubes and
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	stored at -80°C until further use.
CO:SAMPLE_TYPE                   	Seminal plasma
CO:STORAGE_CONDITIONS            	-80℃
#TREATMENT
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	Participants enrolled in this study were randomly recruited among men who
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	attended fertility consultations at the Centre for Reproductive Genetics
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	Professor Alberto Barros (Porto, Portugal) and the Centro Hospitalar
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	Universitário de Santo António (Porto, Portugal) from March to June 2021.
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	Adult men (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with asthenozoospermia (AS, sperm total
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	motility < 42%) were recruited for AS group and men with normal sperm parameters
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	(sperm concentration ≥ 15 million cells/mL, sperm count ≥ 39 million cells
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	and sperm total motility ≥ 42%) were recruited for the control group
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	(normozoospermia (NZ) group).
#SAMPLEPREP
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	Seminal fluid samples were allowed to thaw at room temperature and homogenized
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	using a vortex mixer. Then, samples were centrifuged at 20000.g for 20 min at
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	4°C to remove any insoluble particles. After centrifugation, 45 µL of seminal
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	fluid was diluted in 135 µL of deuterated water and 45 µL of a 10 mM sodium
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	fumarate in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) deuterated water (99.9%) solution.
#ANALYSIS
AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE                 	NMR
#NMR
NM:INSTRUMENT_NAME               	500 MHz Bruker Avance III HD
NM:INSTRUMENT_TYPE               	FT-NMR
NM:NMR_EXPERIMENT_TYPE           	1D-1H
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	The samples were transferred to 3-mm NMR tubes (Norell, Landisville, NJ, USA)
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	and analyzed using the NOR5X3INSB optimizer inserts (Norell, Landisville, NJ,
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	USA) on a 500 MHz Bruker Avance III HD spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm TXI
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	probe (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA), working at 298K.
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	Solvent-suppressed 1D-1H-NMR spectra were acquired using a zgpr pulse sequence,
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	with a sweep width of 7 kHz, relaxation delay of 7 s, pulse angle of 30°,
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	acquisition time of 2.3 s and 64 scans. Spectra were processed by applying a
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	line broadening of 0.2 Hz before Fourier transformation, and manually phased and
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	baseline corrected. Sodium fumarate (6.50 ppm) was used as an internal reference
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	for chemical shifts and metabolite quantification. The NUTS-Pro NMR software
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	(Acorn NMR, Inc, Fremont, CA, USA) was used for the processing of the spectra
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	and the quantification of the metabolites. Peaks were assigned by comparing the
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	acquired spectra with reference spectra in Chenomx (Chenomx Inc. Edmonton,
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	Canada) and the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) V 5.0. 1H-NMR metabolomics data
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	was analyzed using Metaboanalyst 5.0 online (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/).
NM:NMR_COMMENTS                  	Missing data was replaced by feature mean and data was log-transformed.
NM:SPECTROMETER_FREQUENCY        	500 MHz
NM:NMR_PROBE                     	5 mm TXI probe
NM:NMR_SOLVENT                   	D2O
NM:NMR_TUBE_SIZE                 	3mm
NM:PULSE_SEQUENCE                	zgpr
NM:WATER_SUPPRESSION             	Yes
NM:RECEIVER_GAIN                 	203
NM:OFFSET_FREQUENCY              	4.696 ppm
NM:PRESATURATION_POWER_LEVEL     	50 dB
NM:TEMPERATURE                   	25
NM:NUMBER_OF_SCANS               	64
NM:DUMMY_SCANS                   	2
NM:ACQUISITION_TIME              	2.3 sec
NM:RELAXATION_DELAY              	7 sec
NM:SPECTRAL_WIDTH                	14 ppm
NM:LINE_BROADENING               	0.2 Hz
NM:CHEMICAL_SHIFT_REF_STD        	Fumarate (doublet, 6.50 ppm)
#NMR_METABOLITE_DATA
NMR_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS	normalized areas
NMR_METABOLITE_DATA_START
Samples	N3	N4	N14	N15	N22	N24	N26	N27	N28	N29	N33	N34	N39	N43	N44	N49	N53	N56	N58	N64	N2	N5	N6	N7	N8	N10	N11	N12	N13	N16	N18	N19	N20	N21	N23	N25	N30	N31	N35	N36	N38	N40	N42	N45	N46	N47	N48	N50	N51	N52	N55	N57	N59	N61	N63	N68	N70
Factors	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Asthenozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid	Group:Normozoospermia | Sample source:Human seminal fluid
Valine	1.557298228	1.498209103	1.151759494	1.814212234	1.492183491	1.71638431	1.367857361	1.054400692	1.028445999	1.720465445	1.472109282	1.353239129	1.907637726	1.452500573	1.466188021	1.329226167	1.122430648	1.118904657	1.415759565	0.770333106	1.20723935	1.325574409	1.588194867	1.688778658	1.360905235	1.313232954	1.559450156	1.55684766	1.138211027	0.765084649	1.536192992	1.468890344	1.299091034	1.278025441	1.062273693	0.909989239	1.5381087	1.449208143	1.734928339	1.426686516	0.958685433	1.423416884	1.160615349	1.185872009	1.476285625	1.65519315	0.781489711	1.698225438	0.795134632	0.481167402	0.740659843	0.723691048	1.259318	1.51833323	1.521660614	1.555407041	1.86125389
Isoleucine	1.477884346	1.362994312	1.069599583	1.725144454	1.463199039	1.63959744	1.303077191	1.119993825	0.925903119	1.658092075	1.374291498	1.219941387	1.832911509	1.320652985	1.388165342	1.241678817	1.137615719	0.919005477	1.239467564	0.712980432	1.119562088	1.302898764	1.510016043	1.593478557	1.31907301	1.217349743	1.441867001	1.444146049	1.035616485	0.731986159	1.384059228	1.374949867	1.239796199	1.187279392	1.002308551	0.784903212	1.554512065	1.374563022	1.679934055	1.320665154	0.883892839	1.36875044	1.122622473	1.057429848	1.461106195	1.617173693	0.719567616	1.460020744	0.78773875	0.43601527	0.638622323	0.602947661	1.059102206	1.29157472	1.333666413	1.449332522	1.726618532
Alanine	1.38729956	1.318737922	0.952893395	1.581091883	1.324424151	1.393948081	1.235063009	0.790029634	0.778867221	1.588589463	1.280133618	1.247056511	1.767159945	1.205444455	1.191637446	1.086439701	0.864291792	0.838497913	1.237102244	0.758361712	1.072752968	1.091451299	1.433361992	1.530761106	1.236468523	1.084353203	1.37052609	1.436483405	0.999291861	0.645074886	1.281147518	1.257934675	1.109043581	1.050175	0.924374269	0.78283833	1.261160001	1.276593257	1.555776678	1.284800272	0.790810907	1.244796612	1.01350255	0.93409963	1.253404646	1.41510237	0.576179602	1.482274136	0.606945839	0.077664998	0.34265357	0.460806652	0.9999278	1.267695034	1.339944947	1.40451405	1.622271735
Glutamate	1.893542472	1.935233225	1.601172965	2.186637983	1.947931224	2.226865651	1.856711983	1.446456804	1.345023697	2.121274861	2.012838183	1.962583451	2.376728178	1.870074068	1.825478309	1.75409185	1.566105449	1.528801989	1.959103786	1.528011489	1.570417895	1.789048225	1.949457914	2.18384891	1.954001387	1.741975166	2.019544029	2.043172668	1.754856841	1.406181625	2.07533636	1.943780642	1.738333104	1.666749452	1.525626436	1.441743241	2.002495676	1.976694186	2.234378561	1.9690946	1.356960855	1.877319297	1.619831174	1.598120721	1.96812775	2.161150772	1.254878534	2.183546618	1.301935137	1.143773313	1.200378622	1.28964181	1.559705004	2.036483714	2.042051726	2.081956842	2.315680101
Glutamine	1.759687378	1.511368299	1.087283473	1.839411087	1.567156824	1.867952468	1.472190768	1.165115628	1.096479303	1.861097637	1.540070156	1.34968402	1.913811523	1.431613627	1.511768162	1.407540608	1.229089691	1.122973896	1.462342303	0.809438096	1.339240664	1.431858407	1.655874645	1.749665401	1.404937374	1.375881374	1.668817721	1.720718524	1.201070783	-1.812346047	1.697455522	1.621022198	1.286831434	1.352389469	1.119728118	1.536502253	1.620954499	1.387728864	1.762376684	1.448132484	1.536502253	1.418677587	1.260941625	1.264788758	1.627147883	1.719051048	0.806787944	1.694342583	0.935179568	0.576198544	0.728848164	1.536502253	1.322165603	1.782812006	1.657471776	1.590783185	2.055546595
Citrate	2.320707884	2.382701242	2.124412724	2.243993888	2.193741363	1.907366901	2.120415901	1.588668091	1.726191939	2.318203989	2.076064615	2.648764638	2.493824555	2.054436027	2.101970374	2.066825167	1.557282887	1.612666284	2.215822247	1.879587028	1.964283299	1.869804545	2.361836584	2.325188589	2.399671448	1.824869836	1.941763488	1.908712721	2.417851792	2.1933517	2.076060567	1.999174514	1.7516802	1.907163464	1.892884519	1.775320597	1.735187889	2.063439486	2.327507544	2.248963	1.619745243	2.058520376	1.791319713	1.616024511	2.216684356	2.407611541	1.809929841	2.070809812	1.722919867	1.117334598	1.078064518	1.428804958	1.858399216	2.04432544	2.203743669	2.387336726	2.364975541
Aspartate	1.4539629	1.323864612	0.903044397	1.652127613	1.066442023	1.555282326	1.277674909	0.786951916	0.7909858	1.647670767	1.198145279	1.412729405	1.857982398	1.155857918	1.228958067	1.062602838	0.787817269	0.738660403	1.319146453	0.317741211	1.089580232	1.000083922	1.452229519	1.566736531	1.348233543	0.951041448	1.291591053	1.199549499	1.118056355	0.869479229	1.171810908	1.234731474	1.041164863	1.016886095	1.02233611	0.809029991	1.470785965	1.376745485	1.655475725	1.270891996	0.673374282	1.38289417	0.948463852	1.14451356	1.182632972	1.468251168	0.616732908	1.439792102	0.56917987	-1.812346047	0.704461638	0.483244445	1.058004281	1.386350258	1.386048676	1.481452478	1.780951081
Asparagine	1.363603095	1.366058802	1.134902333	1.7683728	1.405466968	1.781156278	1.477162703	0.75558872	0.93790789	1.828995007	1.272561757	1.359442093	1.90211119	1.462104083	1.472265732	1.231123263	1.010893307	1.033582908	1.488444302	0.724143083	1.319923726	1.130082179	1.652143599	1.708124613	1.335748566	1.374812106	1.605365004	1.537731672	1.037244725	0.782171234	1.432155273	1.462381397	1.359443746	1.301233051	0.966005095	0.828463594	1.553948407	1.366494261	1.752746089	1.315250015	0.87482649	1.393730881	1.211342224	1.143153927	1.353094168	1.545020645	0.73236234	1.736411173	0.813076845	0.338194814	0.513018303	0.522306903	1.164499574	1.612323952	1.534553445	1.663462781	1.952617901
Creatine	0.914738144	0.958567395	0.61238345	1.119310294	0.885085552	1.383193871	0.882932023	0.729650788	0.720937589	1.330280726	1.061644411	0.686034529	1.083469026	1.066351765	0.89836452	0.807392318	0.832474285	0.609634531	0.773453445	0.417703146	0.679608558	0.951841489	0.961203312	1.226198257	0.708354173	0.806416519	1.166050935	1.11610859	0.447925198	0.380162496	1.100692535	1.027478407	0.617771628	0.74551091	0.446354858	0.426340837	1.079694103	1.018319145	1.166683956	1.131569298	0.589963413	0.883178676	0.771684307	0.722927078	1.077480145	1.226641063	0.330361157	1.174147114	0.527021479	0.430616026	0.279604945	0.390219376	0.446844672	1.263400174	1.275407311	1.022012159	1.51323301
Choline	2.097681563	1.974212294	1.684610582	2.439069716	2.160051932	2.306934898	1.828828263	1.673864255	1.598538893	2.222000222	2.177595482	1.804244209	2.22966533	1.940278476	1.867911731	1.964526464	1.729675375	1.58522876	2.026536956	1.321197682	1.634529337	1.867238334	1.989091918	2.297607933	1.83578776	1.909938091	2.213414086	2.135771266	1.702924997	1.210616929	2.178967426	2.129061634	1.801115589	1.776226878	1.577954247	1.474374523	2.138067002	2.001629685	2.272065101	2.057191695	1.584262844	1.6983524	1.861441215	1.760701883	2.086219039	2.222354053	1.373785414	2.341125281	1.418396278	1.293542049	1.493123614	1.446178171	1.606837964	2.176812987	2.008483669	1.916314935	2.330324737
Glycine	1.695520815	1.723193505	1.348825159	1.933925841	1.615011918	1.855556373	1.587317146	1.185112607	1.226665765	1.919638293	1.692798628	1.585974526	2.115050376	1.599497909	1.617635538	1.471668945	1.18306644	1.238706978	1.578762608	1.043400451	1.427407005	1.54417362	1.802060462	1.861237109	1.58547282	1.383853628	1.675176689	1.779432666	1.328428261	1.064149719	1.665286297	1.627216865	1.419348072	1.395223522	1.28997129	1.178379314	1.569064021	1.632908999	1.927749187	1.609550115	1.15169385	1.645009538	1.351292258	1.248735415	1.684661532	1.796961805	1.014467181	1.777354142	0.972079957	0.771194285	0.838032597	0.914355231	1.387699671	1.62553606	1.707017819	1.703370615	2.00245579
Serine	1.985377454	1.934283783	1.578416701	2.260946609	1.977830728	2.160303382	1.830848997	1.471761394	1.510528189	2.196423221	1.923017811	1.806631693	2.321494648	1.829650773	1.871569096	1.754622697	1.579009045	1.475571223	1.894956601	1.290129726	1.65239937	1.79351634	2.08691738	2.175950087	1.792631259	1.798633704	1.960288621	2.023600248	1.597808339	1.22688757	1.999379895	1.915032431	1.817212275	1.691948896	1.449943164	1.345743514	1.931803962	1.854029592	2.216663314	1.843335316	1.428356408	1.887927379	1.624390784	1.564979536	1.932323687	2.13618641	1.216547223	2.005041876	1.330434482	0.969117213	1.087332533	1.101754943	1.589711061	1.898167871	1.959585173	2.032744106	2.315225882
Glucose	1.005306205	0.829805786	0.383753507	1.106619447	0.942176248	1.194752469	0.857740663	0.590680111	0.293298352	0.938755641	0.731277189	1.020417125	1.020310831	0.731546741	0.782311716	0.814554924	0.678664435	0.606436046	0.830669582	0.239776552	0.621556033	1.017939257	0.821615249	1.138842341	0.686111544	0.808380038	1.014057679	1.063409287	0.578493682	0.112934514	0.864044878	0.96885628	0.628685568	0.412595712	0.350098736	0.418955091	1.111048675	0.818417208	0.881085411	0.863110654	0.43659072	0.648093623	0.8019378	0.386418198	0.930937378	1.068648333	0.514242182	1.091716392	0.227576937	0.405060793	0.295145787	-0.115049527	0.354865282	0.949544591	0.949461528	0.840879044	1.236604146
Uridine	1.289890296	0.862318069	0.943807316	1.224848694	1.195853757	1.376773617	1.001917653	0.97218304	1.071149127	1.411450118	1.041747014	1.225697235	1.438479868	0.97527291	1.179439625	1.195093984	1.08084742	0.751040505	1.239930238	1.219317158	1.059682925	1.431997562	1.125763951	1.590335595	1.087586069	1.294856998	1.443415797	1.583786542	0.665160861	0.702772416	1.42072109	1.3918683	1.076947204	0.328974921	0.548960396	1.013833753	1.50018766	1.166384623	0.988985522	1.452242804	0.309045023	1.335706593	0.993442279	1.0290312	1.253246646	1.30056077	0.854163871	1.493071766	1.012810112	1.062408029	0.162740125	0.371525944	1.015820158	0.791051758	1.448850797	1.059838422	1.567018348
Tyrosine	1.091987522	1.147287166	0.864317041	1.281817841	1.106942364	1.26988888	0.963521679	0.863540007	0.751569386	1.225113692	1.237767306	1.120707609	1.424127564	0.954157369	1.04218351	1.079737732	0.923615888	0.833717935	1.193767964	0.984019217	0.818713962	1.169554853	1.095870335	1.354789507	1.008257946	1.012270068	1.208812763	1.28304105	0.874092749	0.828973395	1.320660258	1.223917415	0.944608109	0.778560578	0.906432002	0.844123049	1.228109272	1.12047821	1.227437967	1.23713936	0.644208511	1.005828044	0.938562707	0.897140091	1.153340712	1.286536864	0.624207749	1.295156735	0.747880972	0.801880382	0.653883191	0.528041022	0.800435695	1.067125096	1.259649405	1.023054756	1.369712006
Phenylalanine	0.847397066	0.889274621	0.670520664	0.84542696	0.791514363	0.943795649	0.760323041	0.439178215	0.396947252	1.048829563	0.940354992	0.657953751	1.237905646	0.588974246	0.848327047	0.648155758	0.358932391	0.387550599	0.726843195	0.341802075	0.684728763	0.701613469	1.032446422	0.998660836	0.785700906	0.6588445	0.874935079	1.043889425	0.464530239	0.466544408	0.861531533	0.807333689	0.687236715	0.644432865	0.506046411	0.328502872	0.886352681	0.775477042	1.05044821	0.794291424	0.329517693	0.841002819	0.49771173	0.425915851	0.784896173	0.969640128	0.12030554	0.75921943	0.191866913	-0.078237612	0.001963872	-0.152878507	0.477655469	0.656626806	0.906161282	0.826893431	1.062651508
Pyroglutamate	0.993914745	1.11898588	0.866980929	0.695023022	1.137862855	1.063590893	0.994591423	1.043865832	0.96780332	1.6743816	1.588727891	0.411169485	1.35510101	0.996351333	1.248954228	0.802743909	1.258983718	0.819389746	0.967722036	0.94845862	1.102186136	1.273900774	1.517548119	1.518362047	0.60697314	0.760879929	0.860191125	0.080640312	-0.024406003	0.4700246	1.063590893	1.121838037	0.83884499	1.140448747	-0.481673841	-0.151625167	1.063590893	0.711583182	1.298427907	0.652943228	0.857732863	1.249162855	1.063590893	0.486581647	0.569366727	0.753211514	0.38683831	1.063590893	0.375613489	1.063590893	-1.812346047	0.460368447	0.939673801	1.063590893	0.900461248	1.333928024	-0.012969048
Fructose	0.951395918	1.495273011	0.937787756	1.129250729	1.057133808	1.526655423	1.116517887	0.989659277	0.961938498	1.65345236	1.525521632	0.89461992	1.209617831	1.106534278	1.055719637	0.743717179	1.282423359	0.878275523	1.274104286	0.547001071	0.718221909	0.92764927	1.195174547	1.663462703	0.987745957	0.943608694	1.515979766	1.572321301	-0.510234365	0.770273567	1.505961603	1.658201865	0.745000963	0.909803177	-0.375153051	-0.328793412	1.478101164	1.23960686	1.233082024	1.374919884	0.69970508	0.749471751	1.023379795	0.887064293	1.046646394	1.44190221	0.645887037	1.660482473	0.443706773	0.715304518	0.645979698	0.681782494	0.249029674	1.707001018	1.349854957	1.234322825	1.557348537
Lactate	1.497516648	1.394212318	1.033541348	1.604445727	1.654825615	2.254966385	0.997118823	1.187482371	0.929556879	1.50059428	1.682866094	0.93899528	1.721346031	1.298572867	1.466411867	1.118194071	0.930715615	1.052742862	1.439554884	1.651893859	1.034135404	1.663156225	1.411579634	1.716001091	1.653162871	1.353213971	1.597186948	1.616930227	1.278199842	0.807706437	1.51291714	1.395159351	1.302328299	1.08274537	1.732157309	1.519306361	1.690178788	1.761671651	1.764904618	1.891579665	0.742075271	1.616439149	1.433588292	1.61872771	1.70617013	1.865348266	0.898205167	1.870046841	0.905428578	0.78449252	1.021239294	1.017701644	1.103662833	1.803368928	1.810467069	1.460577151	1.904147626
sn-3-GPC	1.439654931	1.090094838	1.210261559	1.483300326	1.229161677	1.610864118	1.039226797	0.782459632	0.752560422	1.28527943	1.503347224	0.563680619	1.705568516	1.651348483	1.257852802	1.419132819	0.894577572	0.857781135	1.302695364	0.479030135	0.821507366	1.260337945	1.359650502	1.68952824	1.233866067	1.201195603	1.401831176	1.408349687	1.084626189	0.99281953	1.35048496	1.260323575	1.031853946	0.833961606	1.194806692	1.025298901	1.351552778	1.436623423	1.640571081	1.391318232	0.888520023	1.008970925	1.013689603	1.25803907	1.220908418	1.712680319	0.50221644	1.477642036	0.514431438	0.231165031	0.742564077	0.835038762	1.227755028	1.469337326	1.232508253	1.169852869	1.619573705
Histidine	1.303908974	1.337457476	0.98607867	1.110101324	1.237505493	1.582488428	1.103447762	0.964940488	0.874064696	1.469446481	1.350206008	0.905185408	1.584863031	1.166417437	1.285738076	1.062451031	1.128376614	0.907876732	1.15304316	0.72922797	1.013319893	1.275998618	1.441615578	1.523654345	1.10550444	1.143082296	1.449805608	1.501972752	0.854559412	0.958778829	1.469011093	1.350223754	1.144687947	1.135074987	0.80025194	0.631017498	1.463327044	1.236740484	1.464789958	1.250040527	0.716718854	1.220519872	0.994632112	1.021202433	1.260119921	1.421821623	0.538664139	1.496059944	0.755321596	0.525752157	0.667260369	0.599304995	0.897544623	1.381064051	1.289666231	1.172461518	1.509111702
Threonine	1.268268079	1.483867089	0.754815039	1.14779308	1.255511862	1.641946309	1.338793937	0.664422966	0.788699926	1.795628297	1.409569771	1.302677964	1.828410616	1.32718279	1.281213128	1.083212847	0.842668125	0.924471804	1.236873483	0.630284969	1.040127016	0.905356758	1.473511655	1.665232386	1.239684447	1.024866482	1.435461441	1.375103373	1.056035637	1.067086243	1.40232515	1.382947321	1.188702459	1.134653492	0.954340428	0.914296576	1.435243349	1.358514688	1.720925052	1.262904425	0.727206281	1.288184048	1.12981848	1.056404289	1.37049671	1.605523172	0.533203726	1.641931446	0.560770367	0.785041128	0.392026588	0.59518566	1.144943817	1.477091864	1.406542852	1.527575957	1.852260303
Cadaverine	1.627516839	1.533888742	1.23736792	1.50010091	1.440026479	1.789282804	1.484067641	1.075211524	1.083216384	1.826894053	1.546953362	1.392007261	1.960581963	1.478925326	1.521678165	1.351680085	1.139069392	1.129726061	1.475499821	0.829836767	1.327197728	1.379639258	1.676279718	1.653806737	1.461493825	1.386466342	1.621264319	1.674659476	1.144525985	1.221440353	1.624886414	1.509354437	1.378502432	1.326670306	1.113929325	0.958156898	1.553703495	1.528100067	1.835138714	1.484310198	1.039577349	1.478116895	1.157491121	1.111505433	1.531035153	1.723361581	0.856749988	1.732655711	0.932680246	0.658168714	0.806335024	0.546463977	1.26092242	1.595903705	1.524607403	1.632418314	1.911023736
NMR_METABOLITE_DATA_END
#METABOLITES
METABOLITES_START
metabolite_name	Formula	HMDB code
Valine	C5H11NO2	HMDB0000883
Isoleucine	C6H13NO2	HMDB0000172
Alanine	C3H7NO2	HMDB0000161
Glutamate	C5H9NO4	HMDB0000148
Glutamine	C5H10N2O3	HMDB0000641
Citrate	C6H8O7	HMDB0000094
Aspartate	C4H7NO4	HMDB0000191
Asparagine	C4H8N2O3	HMDB0000168
Creatine	C4H9N3O2	HMDB0000064
Choline	C5H14NO	HMDB0000097
Glycine	C2H5NO2	HMDB0000123
Serine	C3H7NO3	HMDB0000187
Glucose	C6H12O6	HMDB0000122
Uridine	C9H12N2O6	HMDB0000296
Tyrosine	C9H11NO3	HMDB0000158
Phenylalanine	C9H11NO2	HMDB0000159
Pyroglutamate	C5H7NO3	HMDB0000267
Fructose	C6H12O6	HMDB0000660
Lactate	C3H6O3	HMDB0001311
sn-3-GPC	C8H21NO6P	HMDB0000086
Histidine	C6H9N3O2	HMDB0000177
Threonine	C4H9NO3	HMDB0000167
Cadaverine	C5H14N2	HMDB0002322
METABOLITES_END
#END