#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH juliehaines_20241126_063750 DATATRACK_ID:5402 STUDY_ID:ST003607 ANALYSIS_ID:AN005927 PROJECT_ID:PR002231 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON December 5, 2024, 7:47 pm #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Macrophages recycle phagocytosed bacteria to fuel immunometabolic responses PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Macrophages specialize in phagocytosis, a cellular process that eliminates PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY extracellular matter, including microbes, through internalization and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY degradation. Despite the critical role of phagocytosis during bacterial PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY infection, the fate of phagocytosed microbial cargo and its impact on host cell PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY is poorly understood. Here, we reveal that ingested bacteria constitute an PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY alternative nutrient source that skews immunometabolic host responses. Tracing PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY stable isotope-labelled bacteria, we found that phagolysosomal degradation of PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY bacteria provides carbon atoms and amino acids that are recycled into various PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY metabolic pathways, including glutathione and itaconate biosynthesis, and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY satisfy macrophage bioenergetic needs. Metabolic recycling of PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY microbially-derived nutrients is regulated by the nutrient sensing mTORC1 and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY intricately tied to microbial viability. Dead bacteria, as opposed to live ones, PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY are enriched in cyclic- adenosine monophosphate (AMP), sustain the cellular AMP PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY pool and subsequently activate AMP protein kinase (AMPK) to inhibit mTORC1. PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Consequently, killed bacteria strongly fuel metabolic recycling and support PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY macrophage survival, but elicit decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY production and a reduced IL-1β secretion compared to viable bacteria. These PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY results reveal a novel insight into the fate of engulfed microbes and highlights PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY a microbial viability-associated metabolite that triggers host metabolic and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY immune responses. Our findings hold promise for shaping immunometabolic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY intervention in various immune-related pathologies. PR:INSTITUTE University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus PR:LABORATORY Lab of Angelo D'Alessandro in collaboration with lab of Johan Garaude (INSERM, PR:LABORATORY Fr) PR:LAST_NAME Haines PR:FIRST_NAME Julie PR:ADDRESS 12801 E 17th Ave, Room 1303, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA PR:EMAIL julie.haines@cuanschutz.edu PR:PHONE 3037243339 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Global metabolomics and tracing of 13C-labeled metabolites of bone marrow ST:STUDY_TITLE derived macrophages following engulfment of dead 13C-labeled Citrobacter ST:STUDY_TITLE rodentium, Listeria innocua, Staphilococcus aureus, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Global metabolomics and 13C-tracing analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages ST:STUDY_SUMMARY exposed to heat-killed uniformly 13C-labelled Citrobacter rodentium, Listeria ST:STUDY_SUMMARY innocua, Staphilococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 4h. ST:INSTITUTE University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus ST:LAST_NAME Haines ST:FIRST_NAME Julie ST:ADDRESS 12801 E 17th Ave, Room 1303, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA ST:EMAIL julie.haines@cuanschutz.edu ST:PHONE 3037243339 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Cultured cells SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:GENDER Not applicable #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-33_r67+ treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-33_r67 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-34_r102+ treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-34_r102 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-35_r39+ treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-35_r39 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-36_r15+ treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-36_r15 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-37_r55+ treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-37_r55 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-38_r8+ treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-38_r8 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-39_r42+ treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-39_r42 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-40_r32+ treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-40_r32 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-41_r53+ treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-41_r53 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-42_r38+ treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-42_r38 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-43_r65+ treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-43_r65 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-44_r43+ treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-44_r43 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-45_r105+ treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-45_r105 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-46_r70+ treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-46_r70 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-47_r81+ treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-47_r81 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-48_r80+ treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-48_r80 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-49_r108+ treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-49_r108 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-50_r36+ treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-50_r36 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-51_r33+ treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-51_r33 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - AA89-52_r12+ treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=AA89-52_r12 #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY BMDMs were seeded at 2.5E6 cell/well in a non-tissue treated 6-well plate (2 CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY wells per conditions) the day before the experiment. For metabolite extraction, CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY BMDMs were washed with cold PBS and harvested with 5 mM EDTA in PBS, frozen as CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY dry cell pellet, and stored at -80˚C until processing. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Macrophages #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Preparation of macrophages: Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY generated in RPMI 1640 supplemented with M-CSF (30% mycoplasma-free L929 cell TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY supernatant, NCBI Biosample accession # SAMN00155972) and 10% FBS, plus 100 TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY µg/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, 10 mM HEPES, 1 nM sodium pyruvate TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY and 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol (all from Gibco). BMDMs were used on day 5 to 7 TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY after seeding. Period of differentiation of the cells, concentration of cells TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY when replating and time-lapse between replating and stimulation with bacteria TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY were important parameters to maintain metabolic backgrounds homogenous between TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY experiments. Preparation of viable and killed U-[13C]Bacteria: Citrobacter TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY rodentium, Staphylococus aureus, Listeria innocua, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY grown overnight with shaking in LB, diluted 1/40, and grown until log-phase TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY [optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.8-1.2]. Bacteria were washed with TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY phosphate buffer saline (PBS) to remove LB salts before addition to cells. For TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY labeling, 10 µl of an overnight cultured of bacteria was added to 20 ml of a TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY filtered M9 minimal medium salts (Life Technologies) supplemented with 1 mM TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY thiamine, 1 mM MgSO4, 0.1 M CaCl2, and 0.5% U-13C glucose (Campro Scientific). TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Bacteria were grown for 72h, washed with PBS and subjected to heat-killing by TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY re-suspension in PBS and subsequently incubation at 60˚C for 60-90 min. For TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY antibiotic killing, bacteria were incubated for 6h to 12h with streptomycin or TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY gentamycin (50 µg/ml). Bacteria were kept at 4˚C until use. Efficient killing TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY was confirmed by overnight plating on LB-agar plates. Treatment of macrophages: TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 2E6 BMDMs were plated 12-16h prior stimulation in non-tissue cultured treated TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 6-well plate (BD Falcons). Cells were then stimulated with killed labelled TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY bacteria at MOI 25, centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min. BMDMs were incubated for TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 5 min and washed with PBS to remove non-ingested bacteria and further incubated TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY for 4h. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Metabolites from frozen pellets were extracted at 4e6 cells per mL using ice SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY cold 5:3:2 methanol:acetonitrile:water (v/v/v) with vigorous vortexing at 4 SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY degrees C followed by centrifugation as described for 10 min at 18,000 g. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Supernatants were maintained at 4°C until analysis that same day. SP:PROCESSING_STORAGE_CONDITIONS 4℃ SP:EXTRACT_STORAGE -80℃ #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY Negative C18 CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE Reversed phase CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Vanquish CH:COLUMN_NAME Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (150 x 2.1mm,1.7um) CH:SOLVENT_A 95% water/5% acetonitrile; 1 mM ammonium acetate CH:SOLVENT_B 95% acetonitrile/5% water; 1 mM ammonium acetate CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 0-0.5 min 0% B, 0.5-1.1 min 0-100% B, 1.1-2.75 min hold at 100% B, 2.75-3 min CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 100-0% B, 3-5 min hold at 0% B CH:FLOW_RATE 450 uL/min CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 45 CH:SAMPLE_INJECTION 10 uL #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Orbitrap Exploris 120 MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE Orbitrap MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE NEGATIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS We use a Thermo Orbitrap Exploris 120. Resolution 120,000, scan range 65-975 MS:MS_COMMENTS m/z, maximum injection time 100 ms, microscans 1, automatic gain control (AGC) MS:MS_COMMENTS detection duration 20 msec, source voltage 2.0 kV, capillary temperature 320 C, MS:MS_COMMENTS vaporizer temp 200 C, and sheath gas 50, auxiliary gas 10, and sweep gas 1 (all MS:MS_COMMENTS nitrogen). Data converted to mzXML using RawConverter. Metabolites were MS:MS_COMMENTS annotated and integrated using Maven in conjunction with the KEGG database. #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS peak area MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples AA89-33_r67+ AA89-34_r102+ AA89-35_r39+ AA89-36_r15+ AA89-37_r55+ AA89-38_r8+ AA89-39_r42+ AA89-40_r32+ AA89-41_r53+ AA89-42_r38+ AA89-43_r65+ AA89-44_r43+ AA89-45_r105+ AA89-46_r70+ AA89-47_r81+ AA89-48_r80+ AA89-49_r108+ AA89-50_r36+ AA89-51_r33+ AA89-52_r12+ Factors treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:CTRL | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Citro | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Listeria | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed_Staph | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages treatment:Killed-Pseudo | Sample source:murine bone marrow derived macrophages Asparagine 220322 250348 263621 250090 52695 50628 51277 139726 293346 372525 365610 333018 37588 59755 54650 111124 168621 256524 158418 245867 Aspartate 2032964 2635771 2191431 2613602 2206826 1659573 2596073 2107713 3056631 2187642 2598002 3648387 1248929 763484 1446126 1831921 869129 758340 1810285 1578638 Glycine 365046 444479 312502 416590 346480 293900 337214 296521 313719 233344 272828 356400 138059 92657 178668 224874 140767 104081 281508 301458 Serine 355117 357549 303922 328212 324445 384648 385104 472385 375814 380382 442439 399486 269812 201870 191980 322954 190310 378502 262337 330798 Tyrosine 291639 337253 314839 210709 397129 463666 385036 289959 240129 307643 403501 216677 167138 229978 171840 220566 203290 184068 178335 183549 Cystine 33409 42077 25073 45316 15018 63248 34198 53977 28825 0 0 25749 15198 0 0 0 10570 0 21770 0 ADP 251396 460257 543700 429307 236691 152161 339652 563332 495557 402684 520467 648104 196657 251945 217954 137347 236747 259535 322004 194502 AMP 611018 557534 477131 411705 467293 524272 357227 159067 298139 297656 212387 696278 97863 98162 123137 123637 163132 118516 579243 356905 Adenosine 646888 720426 1213959 1175434 708615 911836 1017336 407331 1309538 318829 110711 962621 141566 125447 88565 249289 724672 343910 767443 383421 Adenine 2486744 1612331 2667060 1351493 2640667 1595104 1565081 855725 1634181 463510 706065 1062508 702383 205267 727290 711060 532585 543258 2317321 1156981 GDP 25220 63541 75412 136592 13794 19209 31796 125052 100763 67246 42919 125519 22816 67819 25512 40614 3423 26410 22106 26096 GMP 283218 437652 371072 347374 276770 436309 572649 495327 758631 497129 416156 505806 340871 128624 307206 360945 257419 200133 214892 325864 UDP 218943 366090 271034 376885 326299 315848 367980 473355 413688 388663 363900 567861 161889 203997 208669 216036 66563 188706 136683 239046 UMP 268593 471844 322711 329481 480198 567936 621205 661296 779747 537031 671646 434276 279870 291871 314899 268604 469433 407743 395767 278538 IDP 3366227 3691364 3523041 3874070 3401758 3032122 3949351 4127698 3223838 3020662 4329530 4188063 3732161 3266767 3917114 4276147 2922286 3707388 4683726 3538269 IMP 85574 108623 151195 55951 100675 102287 126905 156727 128886 190912 230283 154347 38085 24922 67791 26073 67188 107269 180651 201033 Inosine 3673161 4652166 4011699 2990721 1884195 2976481 2208737 2617620 4314268 3574322 2915882 2788111 814131 1161682 812376 730367 2114613 1524246 1513752 2012348 Hypoxanthine 208772 107659 153671 150886 141699 265021 97613 92672 213122 168676 223378 186904 113586 135144 232383 185248 217654 118966 235946 300282 Xanthine 607077 526677 270188 235480 361049 491011 193978 224616 525073 488679 312955 269634 105736 176780 144913 87280 310844 169354 124443 301968 Urate 391245 296166 553698 322573 65388 262022 243970 275911 1108575 1406601 888273 518188 221078 61775 232182 312213 233572 89152 365224 490864 UDP-glucose 397587 369807 354602 359448 830357 883286 779915 718642 460860 389721 303600 404653 148505 52609 64705 103947 270741 325592 239354 288338 ADP-D-ribose 27116 55840 22643 25496 81508 72348 22743 36706 57007 77421 59159 48273 0 0 0 0 30803 35583 56986 30834 Phosphate 125002464 116822048 142756080 136865664 115979208 113355000 139704864 138591584 148908544 147611072 167863696 144586304 192726192 240044416 189023376 174435968 207429328 192614352 136590592 162443184 Diphosphate 22185574 24821330 26604346 26497992 20959316 23226022 26723670 31247136 29997960 31843760 34242736 28084472 37339372 43159236 35555588 34881736 35275620 37780868 26575366 31382256 D-Glucose 274484 283360 1268758 362867 785521 801043 2068768 1518437 766854 749171 523889 627552 415324 303366 669638 647637 857437 684206 167188 320141 Hexose phosphate 233276 349990 321446 283506 443349 525147 659975 634371 540281 501688 465060 453724 211920 272377 265763 353225 294540 233338 351030 212135 D-Fructose 1-6-bisphosphate 31151 0 29936 20840 12838 20135 29283 66427 22981 40180 35359 19331 33363 37076 23427 38340 30773 0 0 0 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/Glycerone phosphate 0 0 24468 14381 21353 17613 52437 52574 30028 25899 49471 0 54842 29085 90414 23523 58131 34929 45288 36134 2/3-Phospho-D-glycerate 332325 330876 333315 296283 1224440 1065288 1413750 1460617 649867 565928 670516 669846 522940 691887 742329 610266 253568 321786 320429 293022 Phosphoenolpyruvate 55193 96689 86473 85162 195146 229354 224325 231002 199174 238521 228484 125822 79780 50217 118457 59961 28022 99565 43965 36417 Pyruvate 853825 700536 763518 548540 846648 896158 591064 458297 526939 556007 452080 438268 424874 445340 498738 448488 694805 571060 678537 715205 Lactate 718550 464456 1554770 914205 658001 1156371 1174896 915384 752143 1018298 3404258 1523689 748429 312324 564700 523057 736028 585819 650402 950574 Maltose/Sucrose 75711 69186 55531 75618 188744 153210 254404 149923 85610 114665 147722 378463 42690 64527 112201 32560 117296 103539 43760 43247 Mannitol/Sorbitol/Glucitol/Iditol 86356 120610 428892 224352 150720 100002 533831 687236 1204821 1170697 1114492 834179 543146 438449 893841 798937 1495649 1112831 136456 430620 Ribose/Ribulose/Arabinose/Xylose/Xylulose 54184 70082 61084 17148 76245 17477 98787 73208 54157 41932 74120 25950 30104 19740 22610 11469 18175 15178 78333 33279 Arabitol/Xylitol/Ribitol 1079 8434 27592 25628 96722 45602 61021 38199 81810 81041 57504 68071 31060 34890 29166 36579 88509 70863 17433 40297 Citrate 2860382 3756881 4594616 4168432 18604098 23265482 26843306 28837656 5648376 4446548 4144836 4127447 32712950 45942804 43903596 48777024 3454711 2980884 1980449 2569374 2-Oxoglutarate 74113 86765 174037 62861 395493 454362 477973 436237 143322 148299 184340 163017 199993 246344 196679 163210 66310 62165 115695 91733 Succinate 315172 268898 340134 190584 5590088 6015681 6562324 6336302 1370293 1276211 1230127 1325053 627772 848186 683405 827417 824889 612494 562038 676951 Fumarate 127460 144773 166386 160914 160332 190652 217512 204403 299539 174902 223395 248363 85389 53329 113649 90830 116087 138336 96589 152624 Malate 1876268 1964026 2894222 2051647 1891872 2865622 2960108 3533482 4899074 3713426 3552847 4584961 1273182 1547982 1781545 1575847 2287373 2122105 2088913 2549858 2-Hydroxyglutarate/Citramalate 251467 295101 305204 294996 387618 446182 314415 424221 478492 507245 369300 423227 271583 469764 559064 471072 570417 355007 297903 279343 Itaconate 236615 277008 213744 271180 5256609 6560316 8063602 8681913 9926928 8581673 8003454 10166307 1834860 2112861 1501619 1583356 4612754 3657402 3681274 4690627 Sedoheptulose 1-phosphate 19619 18112 29704 17965 171359 194328 182980 163989 14462 19407 18555 21258 248916 267808 366202 447056 0 0 17951 24479 alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate 764269 834246 645280 793104 728103 900589 787694 909980 1062585 1024836 1135380 1027626 613993 623000 1089565 835686 923168 623406 797555 999682 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate 23282 29011 52560 28122 24120 39632 51251 22774 57088 53425 38489 47252 110515 97186 88898 80547 98559 130921 49536 50962 Glutathione (GSH) 1379930 2123559 1954081 1698374 1691099 2428554 4467373 3368606 5046975 3691551 4280007 2562894 1185730 302471 1228379 992060 1126855 1227841 1554266 1834704 Glutathione disulfide 181370 175769 234080 231106 674754 863216 731236 748324 156362 86923 68296 155618 78796 53613 124700 66425 37307 24929 46678 21196 5-Oxoproline 1836472 1211926 3784299 2775017 1653145 2527551 2998252 2047389 2142119 2865136 7846454 2600574 2590105 925107 1899501 1975230 1879596 1729060 1248148 2461224 S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine 120846 186677 117640 112188 530445 390406 387676 496698 156619 189322 106545 84515 173661 121102 126225 79007 66979 27437 25649 36477 Ascorbate 34904 54983 33092 49299 33197 79936 63821 105768 49215 52056 49057 58380 75067 77066 61811 26044 46330 5755 73442 69058 Dehydroascorbate 109027 154512 157287 144533 489812 570940 588484 601257 186542 164284 125763 167084 756681 984854 792218 1073573 245398 124381 58178 127471 L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-hypoglycin 99809 296400 226425 205799 60546 89417 231050 513301 329765 255479 539340 358560 232506 255284 192285 239471 222642 271666 192148 239747 N-Acetylneuraminate 17486888 25869434 19909598 21409894 13614316 15344353 16793796 16071359 26361232 21756334 16285676 19960320 4109186 4770806 5377956 4652221 11979216 7787179 9254891 11311333 N-Glycoloyl-neuraminate 2447247 3813806 2644634 2802136 1726642 1901033 1769366 1991273 2963032 2575612 1722310 2346245 566349 488555 607168 604534 1526246 1032279 1235724 1677738 1-4-beta-D-Xylan 81590 95239 48520 111353 268886 312754 395751 374114 447598 309954 267869 371063 143786 191337 137980 159240 244141 131237 106184 161461 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 526790 689812 626239 593558 426194 472184 435779 390586 761659 447344 348480 493017 164988 127256 165414 212694 348556 307906 421633 304368 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate 320315 494707 359015 394988 225578 204470 203067 228403 445667 391934 265284 411062 165576 51677 58426 123481 198649 212522 233951 237601 Phosphocreatine 121194 183431 210505 257452 46426 76729 72323 91456 176724 173608 162448 192039 0 26755 22818 0 55554 26269 26516 33884 Taurine 3324062 4432865 3901990 4322486 1386918 1815730 1719016 1259203 2867188 1931684 1455575 3146519 418092 256672 328526 429809 1314612 923723 1646032 1360910 Hypotaurine 33629 24070 27949 33998 15358 10504 19446 0 65978 44403 22229 49285 13902 0 0 0 13132 0 20004 24252 L-Cysteate 28904 23053 77479 26107 26517 98485 56949 45235 31967 98402 52721 36867 0 71297 24614 26347 123747 45497 42278 108020 Indole-3-acetaldehyde 134171 410994 230755 481931 426355 21420 418050 540051 99552 15797 338721 424010 61435 4431 75503 275799 1838 14785 188374 85764 N-formyl kynurenine 770391 863041 713977 645971 597456 681163 584211 353373 531955 387216 424395 786392 181163 187003 165773 145548 295439 267322 684887 355161 g-Oxalo-crotonate 373969 248952 474935 201982 358970 489974 417750 208669 546885 451934 356076 283465 396583 433131 518052 312625 632368 549505 573884 512785 2-Aminomuconate 220922 341340 242325 359780 378192 56521 299055 370504 136704 140853 313904 324949 162079 69778 101242 389107 129216 89488 314003 229084 Glycerol 3-phosphate 303805 316818 244964 282054 319314 287537 403515 386842 358445 316192 337361 309110 200869 127814 194122 171218 242357 206540 273789 329523 Ethanolamine phosphate 1714576 2284333 2165657 2337954 428163 847563 712167 837504 2194392 1756578 1160162 1611662 393519 209962 308055 212762 742252 355510 789888 818040 Sphingosine 1-phosphate 185373 217061 254269 209766 204527 132071 226051 291462 254107 185279 298287 292258 310721 136167 244917 316107 49425 177813 253677 226470 Hexanoic acid (caproate) 663533 743496 666083 597476 871580 891666 892181 704565 658722 610899 638999 700342 609894 586947 668963 746451 656862 745308 803103 812604 Octanoic acid (caprylate) 2748604 2914018 2735929 3080339 2929440 2987940 3020544 3023739 2811242 3048271 2877400 3345978 2733813 3132778 2881137 3344039 2344432 3118734 3018700 2782916 Nonanoic acid (pelargonate) 27334648 29750376 24477726 32039946 26139742 25108274 28059342 30138760 25103008 27108946 29064490 32999054 25792026 23993046 25345402 28304072 18681726 27743112 29626270 25425214 Decanoic acid (caprate) 30117274 36013708 30081728 39364400 37467364 29089518 36205516 34809728 29928170 29846330 31712646 35358992 28086546 28198880 30541920 35793064 19594054 28798290 32415866 28838496 Dodecanoic acid 10490565 13056748 9734224 15172804 11317793 11363819 12657567 13397485 9452343 10350601 10789585 15402720 10752767 10168057 9922000 12872949 9098405 9271226 11032028 10128117 Tetradecanoic acid 15065887 15888275 14328331 17751754 15990339 12348603 16028367 14457963 12282991 12036517 18626080 17466736 14831337 15339693 16265240 20292010 14810627 16272931 16130471 13854628 Hexadecanoic acid 152168672 191315024 208795952 235767040 163005520 171049072 234081744 214472576 170902928 179911568 226881104 223466560 196951744 183163568 166523824 220268464 140000176 187191088 207540400 199993024 Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) 80948888 104208568 116089912 157108592 87039928 111038080 140537744 139732272 88494032 102241568 146061824 137571712 97339264 114336344 90538840 145838160 91257336 92130872 125682360 110693928 Tetradecenoic acid 444992 746386 538859 672909 836464 833254 870114 989386 613097 741336 1260990 912036 672604 664608 720987 911458 690904 537790 620052 581042 Octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) 33046766 40682588 39034860 45259136 40254964 51355332 50793660 54642416 49505972 47294688 55626932 52979940 50112624 50726804 44533212 55732700 39505452 45618916 46954692 49126900 Linoleate 3468872 4807872 4916161 5687576 4632431 7321817 9590504 7118136 6711048 6459782 9223731 8004482 6405111 7607901 6129974 9041039 4513054 5279710 7646031 7087544 Eicosatetraenoic acid 21387388 25598742 20702074 23367528 21677522 23627310 26598806 28390728 22389894 25727114 38749724 30005376 25867648 26534976 28516080 33663128 28040122 30416022 24220992 28773272 Eicosapentaenoic acid 3555910 4548486 3371485 4318303 3454735 4888950 4133562 5267709 6037904 7290739 7936992 7151518 5114403 6775878 5775173 6552397 5644698 6077402 5986078 7869338 Docosahexaenoic acid 13021068 17569486 15508711 18095050 15219061 17627600 18524590 21364770 21855466 21999836 26899386 22774578 18018002 21361126 18277244 22152290 17458042 20463306 19656786 21867766 (8Z-11Z-14Z)-Icosatrienoic acid 4162964 5773250 4302873 5692922 5061993 6332304 6156394 7471471 6598511 7169045 9270987 8134935 6049749 7060299 6157107 7211612 3897083 6389351 6165196 7174639 (7Z-10Z-13Z-16Z-19Z)-Docosa-7-10-13-16-19-pentaenoic acid 11022055 19520534 14830555 18612838 9635444 15048996 18456318 20063118 20054336 19681550 23564346 21354308 16493584 16653480 10446839 18768958 15656555 14615392 17123030 18837846 AMP 13C2 0 0 32846 16916 0 0 9076 45288 24099 49901 15229 0 25311 53676 0 16253 13093 17268 8349 30497 AMP 13C5 43159 34003 9776 0 31926 45422 27727 44632 24515 0 19523 18748 17679 43860 17717 19587 41523 22324 15649 18463 AMP 13C6 0 23555 0 12559 32212 19927 66691 22313 34122 19301 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19922 20189 AMP 13C8 282597 327867 346821 301774 137405 190639 169958 96556 116470 56963 19216 241622 19879 0 0 34764 0 0 171162 96241 AMP 13C9 17941 19790 8359 20476 6146 0 8331 0 0 12386 0 21545 0 0 0 0 0 33287 6546 12648 AMP 13C10 0 0 0 0 35152 24523 11979 8170 0 0 0 18480 0 0 0 7968 0 0 9329 0 Adenosine 13C10 95359 104399 54443 78855 112403 63603 84646 98722 27729 18047 31339 50184 55165 38427 64952 41901 33864 19579 74559 65825 026 Adenine 2486744 1612331 2667060 1351493 2640667 1595104 1565081 855725 1634181 463510 706065 1062508 702383 205267 727290 711060 532585 543258 2317321 1156981 Adenine 13C5 0 0 0 0 119216 128019 55362 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Citrate 13C2 7863 9798 55832 49022 207219 314368 394119 367362 73772 101278 101097 94060 318131 500053 486720 509690 66817 76656 24157 100317 Citrate 13C3 0 0 0 0 15609 54421 40826 111929 0 0 0 0 80691 162370 197634 173258 0 1047 0 0 Citrate 13C4 38182 9104 13131 18126 33721 43541 77443 131346 2536 25471 1891 1357 89220 124747 120659 172245 18111 1882 65704 49270 Citrate 13C6 16571 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96215 74316 105825 85410 25833 0 0 0 Succinate 13C4 0 0 0 0 65118 32856 29571 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malate 13C2 9237 36992 12858 18568 22014 32726 43293 62748 53298 20143 78712 55207 5059 20478 23639 12325 24932 32306 25015 35450 Itaconate 13C2 0 0 0 0 6155 1829 34169 29824 62133 28402 32213 72979 0 0 0 0 16440 13300 41041 18532 2' 3'-Cyclic CMP 13C9 1173036 1116051 1501886 1054422 818589 1481496 1582638 1599272 1720086 1694357 1707049 1465019 1957164 2181666 1824875 1753755 1887136 2345346 1308940 1656327 MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name KEGG ID m/z r.t. Asparagine C00152 131.046265 0.602 Aspartate C00049 132.030258 0.565 Glycine C00037 74.024742 0.607 Serine C00065 104.035271 0.601 Tyrosine C00082 180.066528 0.636 Cystine C00491 239.016541 0.599 ADP C00008 426.022003 0.558 AMP C00020 346.055939 0.607 Adenosine C00212 266.089264 0.637 Adenine C00147 134.047287 0.638 GDP C00035 442.017273 0.54 GMP C00144 362.050751 0.588 UDP C00015 402.99472 0.537 UMP C00105 323.028717 0.582 IDP C00104 427.007355 0.545 IMP C00130 347.039734 0.589 Inosine C00294 267.073242 0.621 Hypoxanthine C00262 135.031265 0.682 Xanthine C00385 151.026276 0.658 Urate C00366 167.021118 0.601 UDP-glucose C00029 565.047607 0.522 ADP-D-ribose C01882 558.064331 0.552 Phosphate C00009 96.96962 0.576 Diphosphate C00013 176.935883 0.574 D-Glucose C00031 179.055984 0.614 Hexose phosphate C02965 259.022491 0.56 D-Fructose 1-6-bisphosphate C00354 338.988739 0.533 D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/Glycerone phosphate C00118 168.990784 0.565 2/3-Phospho-D-glycerate C00631 184.985641 0.56 Phosphoenolpyruvate C00074 166.975082 0.56 Pyruvate C00022 87.008774 0.636 Lactate C01432 89.024406 0.588 Maltose/Sucrose C00208 341.109314 0.622 Mannitol/Sorbitol/Glucitol/Iditol C00392 181.071762 0.617 Ribose/Ribulose/Arabinose/Xylose/Xylulose C00121 149.045578 0.595 Arabitol/Xylitol/Ribitol C01904 151.061462 0.606 Citrate C00158 191.019608 0.543 2-Oxoglutarate C00026 145.014267 0.554 Succinate C00042 117.019432 0.559 Fumarate C00122 115.003777 0.562 Malate C00149 133.014221 0.549 2-Hydroxyglutarate/Citramalate C02630 147.029907 0.559 Itaconate C00490 129.019409 0.567 Sedoheptulose 1-phosphate C06222 289.031738 0.576 alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate C00620 229.01178 0.564 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate C00119 388.93988 0.657 Glutathione (GSH) C00051 306.077698 0.591 Glutathione disulfide C00127 611.144592 0.546 5-Oxoproline C01879 128.035263 0.588 S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine C05526 425.080475 0.578 Ascorbate C00072 175.024734 0.57 Dehydroascorbate C05422 173.009079 0.535 L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-hypoglycin C08280 269.112091 0.634 N-Acetylneuraminate C00270 308.098877 0.582 N-Glycoloyl-neuraminate C03410 324.093719 0.574 1-4-beta-D-Xylan C02352 131.035049 0.57 UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine C00043 606.07428 0.524 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate C00128 613.140259 0.526 Phosphocreatine C02305 210.028442 0.538 Taurine C00245 124.007362 0.606 Hypotaurine C00519 108.01252 0.611 L-Cysteate C00506 167.997131 0.588 Indole-3-acetaldehyde C00637 158.061218 1.948 N-formyl kynurenine C02700 235.075821 0.611 g-Oxalo-crotonate C03453 157.011871 0.661 2-Aminomuconate C02220 156.029633 0.581 Glycerol 3-phosphate C00093 171.006485 0.568 Ethanolamine phosphate C00346 140.011749 0.589 Sphingosine 1-phosphate C06124 378.240173 3.11 Hexanoic acid (caproate) C01585 115.076538 1.786 Octanoic acid (caprylate) C06423 143.107758 2.033 Nonanoic acid (pelargonate) C01601 157.123413 2.12 Decanoic acid (caprate) C01571 171.138992 2.204 Dodecanoic acid C02679 199.170227 2.404 Tetradecanoic acid C06424 227.201767 2.671 Hexadecanoic acid C00249 255.232849 3.067 Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) C01530 283.264343 3.665 Tetradecenoic acid C08322 225.186035 2.454 Octadecenoic acid (oleic acid) C00712 281.248718 3.11 Linoleate C01595 279.233093 2.778 Eicosatetraenoic acid C00219 303.233093 2.679 Eicosapentaenoic acid C06428 301.217438 2.502 Docosahexaenoic acid C06429 327.233063 2.581 (8Z-11Z-14Z)-Icosatrienoic acid C03242 305.248718 2.869 (7Z-10Z-13Z-16Z-19Z)-Docosa-7-10-13-16-19-pentaenoic acid C16513 329.248718 2.708 AMP 13C2 C00020 348.062836 0.617 AMP 13C5 C00020 351.071838 0.621 AMP 13C6 C00020 352.081818 0.589 AMP 13C8 C00020 354.073364 0.601 AMP 13C9 C00020 355.081573 0.606 AMP 13C10 C00020 356.089355 0.605 Adenosine 13C10 C00212 276.11734 0.636 026 Adenine c00047 134.047104 0.636 Adenine 13C5 c00047 139.064117 0.635 Citrate 13C2 C00158 193.025787 0.54 Citrate 13C3 C00158 194.029938 0.544 Citrate 13C4 C00158 195.031006 0.556 Citrate 13C6 C00158 197.037806 0.556 Succinate 13C4 C00042 121.033032 0.559 Malate 13C2 C00149 135.018967 0.552 Itaconate 13C2 C00490 131.025009 0.565 2' 3'-Cyclic CMP 13C9 C02354 313.065094 0.525 METABOLITES_END #END