#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH siokatgs_20250219_072847 DATATRACK_ID:5648 STUDY_ID:ST003743 ANALYSIS_ID:AN006147 PROJECT_ID:PR002329 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON 04-08-2025 #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Hepato-cardiac interorgan communication controls cardiac hypertrophy via PR:PROJECT_TITLE combined endocrine-autocrine FGF21 signaling. PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 21 is a hormone produced mainly by the liver but PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY also other organs, including the heart. Although FGF21 analogs are used for PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY treating obesity and metabolic syndrome in humans, preclinical and clinical PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY studies have elicited mixed results about whether prolonged FGF21 signaling is PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY protective or detrimental for cardiac function. Based on our findings, showing PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY elevated serum and cardiac FGF21 levels in humans with increased left PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY ventricular afterload, we explored involvement of FGF21 in cardiac hypertrophy. PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Our mouse studies revealed an interorgan liver-heart crosstalk mechanism which PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY is controlled by initial hepatic FGF21 release followed by induction of PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY cardiomyocyte FGF21 expression. Tissue-specific genetic ablation or anti-sense PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY oligonucleotides-based inhibition of FGF21 showed that in response to pressure PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY overload, cardiomyocyte FGF21 upregulation is a critical event that is PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY stimulated by liver-derived FGF21 and drives cardiac hypertrophy likely by PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY interfering with cardioprotective oxytocin signaling. Conclusively, a PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY hepato-cardiac FGF21-based signaling axis governs cardiac hypertrophy. PR:INSTITUTE University of Cincinnati College of Medicine PR:LAST_NAME Siokatas PR:FIRST_NAME Georgios PR:ADDRESS 231 ALBERT SABIN WAY, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-2827 PR:EMAIL siokatgs@ucmail.uc.edu PR:PHONE 5133028282 PR:DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21228/M8KJ93 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Cardiac metabolome signatures of hepato-cardiac FGF21 signaling in pressure ST:STUDY_TITLE overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy ST:STUDY_SUMMARY This study investigates the early (3 days) mid- (2 weeks) and late (8 weeks) ST:STUDY_SUMMARY cardiac metabolome changes driven by FGF21 signaling in the context of pressure ST:STUDY_SUMMARY overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Targeted NMR-based metabolomic profiling ST:STUDY_SUMMARY was performed on cardiac tissue from control mice at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 8 ST:STUDY_SUMMARY weeks following transverse aortic constriction (TAC), as well as from ST:STUDY_SUMMARY hepatocyte-specific (HEP-FGF21) and cardiomyocyte specific (CM-FGF21) Fgf21 ST:STUDY_SUMMARY knockout mice at the 8-week post-TAC timepoint. Sham-operated wild type mice and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY mice expressing Cre in hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes served as controls for each ST:STUDY_SUMMARY timepoint. The early and mid-timepoints were selected to capture transient and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY potentially triggering metabolic adaptations that precede overt cardiac ST:STUDY_SUMMARY remodeling, while the late timepoint allowed assessment of established metabolic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY reprogramming in advanced hypertrophy. Inclusion of the knockout models at 8 ST:STUDY_SUMMARY weeks enabled dissection of the respective contributions of endocrine ST:STUDY_SUMMARY (hepatocyte-derived) and autocrine (cardiomyocyte-derived) FGF21 signaling to ST:STUDY_SUMMARY the cardiac metabolome phenotype. The analysis revealed time-dependent ST:STUDY_SUMMARY alterations in the metabolic profile, with lower glucose and glucose derived ST:STUDY_SUMMARY metabolites in early timepoints and accumulation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids ST:STUDY_SUMMARY when pathological hypertrophy has fully developed (8 weeks). Ablation of Fgf21 ST:STUDY_SUMMARY in either the hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes mitigated maladaptive metabolic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY remodeling at 8 weeks, highlighting distinct and cooperative roles of hepatic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY and cardiac FGF21 in the progression of hypertrophy. ST:INSTITUTE University of Cincinnati College of Medicine ST:LAST_NAME Siokatas ST:FIRST_NAME Georgios ST:ADDRESS 231 ALBERT SABIN WAY, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-2827 ST:EMAIL siokatgs@ucmail.uc.edu ST:PHONE 5133028282 ST:SUBMIT_DATE 2025-02-19 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Mammal SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6534 FGF-H36 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.011; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H36 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6537 FGF-H37 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.022; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H37 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6538 FGF-H38 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.025; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H38 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6282 FGF-H39 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.012; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H39 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7221 FGF-H40 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.026; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H40 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5469 FGF-H11 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.022; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H11 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5470 FGF-H12 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.038; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H12 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5471 FGF-H13 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.035; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H13 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-3919 FGF-H14 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.024; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H14 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-3951 FGF-H15 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.036; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H15 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6888 FGF-H16 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.054; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H16 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6889 FGF-H17 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.045; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H17 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6890 FGF-H18 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.061; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H18 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6905 FGF-H19 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.037; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H19 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6891 FGF-H20 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.043; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H20 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5466 FGF-H01 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.026; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H01 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5467 FGF-H02 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.029; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H02 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-3881 FGF-H04 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.033; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H04 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-3916 FGF-H05 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.021; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H05 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-8 FGF-H06 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.021; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H06 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-9 FGF-H07 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.035; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H07 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-10 FGF-H08 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.041; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H08 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-3 FGF-H09 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.028; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H09 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-6 FGF-H10 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.021; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H10 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7367 FGF-H21 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.022; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H21 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7313 FGF-H22 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.022; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H22 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7370 FGF-H23 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.012; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H23 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7368 FGF-H24 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.023; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H24 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 753 FGF-H25 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=Sham; weight (g)=0.022; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H25 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7680 FGF-H26 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.028; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H26 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7682 FGF-H27 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.035; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H27 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7828 FGF-H28 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.029; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H28 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7829 FGF-H29 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.031; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H29 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7161 FGF-H30 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.024; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H30 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS H-5468 FGF-H03 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:- | Timepoint:Fgf21 fl/fl Surgery=3 Days; weight (g)=Sham; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=0.02 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6357 FGF-H31 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.026; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H31 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 5814 FGF-H32 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.034; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H32 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6077 FGF-H33 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.021; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H33 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 5974 FGF-H34 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.021; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H34 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6188 FGF-H35 Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Surgery=TAC; weight (g)=0.02; RAW_FILE_NAME(raw file name)=FGF-H35 #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Collection and Storage: Hearts were perfused with ice-cold PBS, carefully CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY dissected, and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. All samples were stored at -80°C CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY until further processing. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Heart #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Mice underwent Sham or TAC (Transverse Aortic Constriction) surgery. A TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY thoracotomy was performed, and the transverse aorta was isolated and tied around TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 27-gauge needle, which was removed to generate the desired constriction. The TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY incision to the rib cage was closed using a 6.0 silk suture (AD Surgical) and TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY the skin wound was closed with a 5.0 silk suture. (AD Surgical). The sham TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY procedure was identical except that aortic arch was not constricted. Tissues TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY were collected 3 days, 2 weeks or 8 weeks post-surgery. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Each individual sample was homogenized using a cryogenic ball-mill homogenizer SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY (Cryomill, Retsch Inc.) and weighted into bead tubes (2.8 mm, MO BIO, catalog SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY #13114-50) for extraction. Based on the weights of tissues, the solvent volumes SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY used for extraction were calculated for each sample. Modified Bligh and Dyer SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY extraction1-3 was used to obtain polar metabolites. Briefly, cold methanol and SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY water were added to the samples in bead tubes and homogenized for 30 s. The SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY samples were transferred into glass tubes containing cold chloroform and water. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY The final methanol:chloroform:water ratio is 2:2:1.8. The mixture was vortexed, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY incubated on ice for 10 min, then centrifuged at 2000x gn for 5 min. The polar SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY phase was transferred into 1.5mL Eppendorf tube and dried by vacuum centrifuge SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY for 4-5 hrs at room temperature. The dried metabolites were resuspended in 220 SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY uL of NMR buffer containing 100mM phosphate buffer, pH7.3, 1mM TMSP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY (3-Trimethylsilyl 2,2,3,3-d4 propinoate), 1mg/mL sodium azide) prepared in D2O. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Final volume of 200 uL of each sample was transferred into 3 mm NMR tube SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY (Bruker) for data collection #CHROMATOGRAPHY #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE NMR #NMR NM:INSTRUMENT_NAME Bruker Avance III NM:INSTRUMENT_TYPE FT-NMR NM:NMR_EXPERIMENT_TYPE 1D-1H NM:FIELD_FREQUENCY_LOCK Detuterium NM:STANDARD_CONCENTRATION 1 mM NM:SPECTROMETER_FREQUENCY 600 MHz NM:NMR_PROBE Prodigy 5mm BBI NM:NMR_SOLVENT D2O NM:NMR_TUBE_SIZE 103.5 mm x 5 mm NM:SHIMMING_METHOD Topshim NM:PULSE_SEQUENCE noesygppr1d #NMR_METABOLITE_DATA NMR_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS mM NMR_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples FGF-H36 FGF-H37 FGF-H38 FGF-H39 FGF-H40 FGF-H11 FGF-H12 FGF-H13 FGF-H14 FGF-H15 FGF-H16 FGF-H17 FGF-H18 FGF-H19 FGF-H20 FGF-H01 FGF-H02 FGF-H04 FGF-H05 FGF-H06 FGF-H07 FGF-H08 FGF-H09 FGF-H10 FGF-H21 FGF-H22 FGF-H23 FGF-H24 FGF-H25 FGF-H26 FGF-H27 FGF-H28 FGF-H29 FGF-H30 FGF-H03 FGF-H31 FGF-H32 FGF-H33 FGF-H34 FGF-H35 Factors Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Alb-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:2 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:3 Days Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:Fgf21 fl/fl | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:- | Timepoint:Fgf21 fl/fl Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks Sample source:Heart | Genotype:αMHC-Cre Fgf21-/- | Timepoint:8 Weeks 3-Hydroxybutyrate 0.0436 0.0191 0.0312 0.0500 0.0138 0.0300 0.0221 0.0411 0.1400 0.1217 0.0733 0.1160 0.0728 0.0924 0.0809 0.0323 0.0290 0.0273 0.0771 0.0657 0.0651 0.0439 0.1007 0.0514 0.0273 0.0218 0.0300 0.0209 0.0245 0.0557 0.0223 0.0269 0.0658 0.0575 0.0300 0.0369 0.0159 0.0629 0.0371 0.0330 Acetate 0.1636 0.1200 0.0936 0.1850 0.1062 0.2209 0.1089 0.1577 0.1950 0.1283 0.0989 0.1040 0.0748 0.0989 0.1116 0.1662 0.1283 0.1091 0.2229 0.2143 0.1354 0.0937 0.1457 0.1943 0.1500 0.1336 0.1550 0.1200 0.1336 0.0900 0.0943 0.0910 0.0774 0.1275 0.2070 0.1223 0.0847 0.0857 0.1229 0.1680 ADP 1.3745 1.6664 1.7568 2.0350 1.0731 1.1973 0.9347 1.0046 0.3175 0.2800 0.8878 0.8253 0.8882 0.8741 0.8233 1.0892 1.1897 0.8673 0.7829 0.8314 1.2531 0.7259 0.8207 0.6371 1.2082 1.3445 1.2800 1.4426 1.2382 1.4079 1.0560 1.4048 1.2929 1.2375 1.5420 1.0731 1.1559 0.8286 1.1143 1.6860 Alanine 2.8527 1.8655 2.1168 3.0100 0.8492 2.5364 1.6784 2.1789 2.1850 1.9217 2.5756 2.2667 2.3508 2.2800 2.9344 2.4415 1.9924 2.4436 2.1914 2.3857 2.4583 1.8337 3.2507 2.2343 1.3309 0.9273 1.4350 1.0122 1.0336 1.9371 1.0680 1.4400 1.8368 1.9250 2.3790 1.7100 1.9853 2.0114 1.6571 2.7270 AMP 3.2782 3.0027 2.8776 3.1050 2.5708 3.1664 2.3400 3.0017 2.1875 1.6133 2.5722 2.3227 2.3508 2.6546 2.1935 3.7246 3.8338 4.2909 4.3000 2.1086 2.2697 2.0868 2.0893 2.2371 3.4255 3.5945 3.7750 3.3391 2.6809 3.1671 2.6726 3.0393 3.2439 3.6625 2.7840 2.7092 2.6876 2.4371 2.4171 3.4320 Asparagine 0.3436 0.2100 0.2640 0.3650 0.1500 0.1473 0.1326 0.2126 0.1975 0.1183 0.7433 0.2120 0.2302 0.2222 0.2553 0.2423 0.1283 0.2873 0.2029 0.1600 0.2229 0.2195 0.3214 0.1543 0.1473 0.1446 0.2000 0.1696 0.1582 0.2507 0.1783 0.3124 0.2923 0.2775 0.2160 0.2977 0.2294 0.2629 0.3171 0.3090 Aspartate 2.6836 1.6664 1.5264 2.2600 0.7038 1.1264 0.7532 0.8554 0.8525 0.9450 2.6356 1.6227 1.8708 1.1384 1.2586 1.3869 1.2414 1.5455 1.2771 1.2371 1.5686 1.0946 2.2371 1.3800 0.5291 0.8073 0.8950 0.8765 0.9355 1.1614 0.5246 1.1586 1.7419 1.3025 1.4100 3.0946 1.4241 1.6029 2.0000 2.1210 ATP 2.0564 1.8382 1.3704 1.8600 1.1723 1.4209 1.3547 1.0937 0.1050 0.1167 0.8967 1.1120 1.0200 0.7654 1.1609 1.8046 1.3779 0.3018 0.2200 1.8229 0.9051 1.2117 1.0007 1.1686 1.5327 1.4646 2.1500 1.5652 1.1727 1.0479 0.9960 1.4255 1.1710 0.9825 2.3400 1.0177 1.6924 0.8086 0.6257 1.4820 Choline 0.0818 0.0873 0.0672 0.0750 0.0531 0.1064 0.0916 0.0857 0.1350 0.1050 0.0889 0.0573 0.0482 0.0876 0.0544 0.0877 0.0993 0.1055 0.1400 0.0514 0.0737 0.0527 0.0707 0.0686 0.0627 0.1009 0.0900 0.0626 0.0954 0.0814 0.0703 0.0621 0.0736 0.0775 0.1080 0.0669 0.0741 0.0486 0.0714 0.0960 Citrate 0.9327 0.9573 0.9408 1.1150 0.5262 0.8673 0.8368 0.7937 0.4350 0.3600 0.4011 0.4107 0.3846 0.3227 0.4702 0.7477 0.8669 0.6364 0.6429 0.3714 0.4303 0.3424 0.6943 0.4343 0.6900 0.6382 0.3850 0.6287 0.5891 0.7264 0.3223 0.4759 0.6000 0.6000 0.7830 0.5215 0.7059 0.3886 0.6714 0.7170 Creatine 16.4618 13.7755 13.4904 14.7350 10.6800 12.9055 9.7374 12.3223 8.7475 5.7100 9.2611 10.2960 9.0256 9.8092 8.9679 14.7023 14.2614 13.4436 13.3914 10.0200 10.1503 8.3576 6.5700 8.3657 12.6436 12.6709 14.8550 14.2174 11.2554 12.6321 11.1017 11.4972 12.2245 12.2050 13.7220 9.6162 12.0300 9.2514 8.5571 13.3020 Creatine phosphate 0.1855 0.3436 0.1704 0.1700 0.2585 0.2864 0.3174 0.2914 0.1200 0.0383 0.1589 0.2973 0.2193 0.1865 0.2414 0.2977 0.4034 0.1218 0.0543 0.1000 0.1251 0.2327 0.2036 0.1229 0.1909 0.0245 0.1350 0.2791 0.1827 0.1607 0.2211 0.2193 0.1993 0.1400 0.3180 0.1523 0.2576 0.1086 0.0743 0.2130 Creatinine 0.1855 0.1582 0.0984 0.1600 0.1015 0.1227 0.0932 0.1286 0.1025 0.0800 0.0911 0.0907 0.0974 0.0859 0.0767 0.1546 0.1014 0.1400 0.1086 0.1086 0.0840 0.0790 0.1200 0.0829 0.1446 0.1418 0.1450 0.1461 0.0791 0.1329 0.1200 0.1345 0.1239 0.1325 0.0240 0.1062 0.1059 0.1057 0.0914 0.1680 Formate 0.0655 0.0573 0.0504 0.1000 0.0646 0.1064 0.0584 0.0823 0.0925 0.0583 0.0533 0.0693 0.0511 0.0568 0.0544 0.1154 0.0848 0.0818 0.1057 0.1029 0.0771 0.0615 0.1071 0.0800 0.0900 0.0900 0.1500 0.0704 0.0791 0.0793 0.0703 0.0745 0.0716 0.0975 0.1110 0.0531 0.0335 0.0771 0.0657 0.0780 Fumarate 0.2073 0.1582 0.1776 0.2150 0.0831 0.2100 0.1263 0.1526 0.1350 0.0850 0.1544 0.1760 0.1672 0.1411 0.1605 0.2562 0.2007 0.2036 0.1686 0.1629 0.1646 0.1361 0.2014 0.1857 0.1145 0.1336 0.0800 0.0991 0.0846 0.1114 0.0566 0.0828 0.1103 0.1100 0.2820 0.1546 0.1306 0.1257 0.1086 0.2040 Glucose 2.3509 0.6900 1.1232 2.2100 0.3185 4.8573 1.6011 2.0006 0.7475 1.5217 0.1756 0.0920 0.0748 0.2578 0.1828 2.7208 3.0890 1.6018 0.3171 0.1429 0.1114 0.1039 0.3043 0.1000 0.5454 0.2509 0.1700 0.4278 0.2373 0.3814 0.4046 0.2524 0.1258 0.1575 3.2340 0.0992 0.7006 0.1600 0.1314 0.6090 Glutamate 3.7255 3.3355 3.8688 4.2150 3.7177 3.8264 3.8116 5.1171 2.7000 1.8283 3.9944 3.0067 2.9184 2.6805 2.7837 4.2738 4.2745 3.9145 4.0600 2.6771 2.9571 2.1146 3.5614 2.4629 5.2336 3.7500 5.9400 4.8809 3.4718 3.2507 4.3217 4.4297 4.5658 3.4575 4.0980 3.6438 3.1871 2.5429 2.3971 3.2310 Glutamine 6.5400 5.6864 6.4560 5.5250 3.2654 5.8364 4.3389 5.9349 4.4100 2.9267 6.8711 4.9093 4.4016 4.0946 5.4488 5.8177 6.4883 7.2000 6.9857 4.9114 5.2183 5.6810 5.0893 3.9971 5.8445 8.0400 8.3850 5.7991 4.3827 6.4393 5.5611 5.3524 4.5736 5.1825 4.9200 5.8754 5.4671 4.8571 6.8171 7.0440 Glutathione 0.4145 0.4664 0.4944 0.4400 0.3208 0.4200 0.3205 0.4234 0.2575 0.2117 0.4000 0.3507 0.3374 0.3422 0.3181 0.5031 0.4572 0.4891 0.3400 0.3343 0.2914 0.3615 0.4393 0.2771 0.2754 0.3654 0.4600 0.3887 0.3027 0.4800 0.3977 0.5007 0.5284 0.5350 0.3960 0.5308 0.4676 0.3714 0.4543 0.4590 Glycine 0.7636 0.6845 0.6672 0.6400 0.4223 0.5727 0.5668 0.5983 0.8175 0.6383 0.8067 0.5227 0.5823 0.5319 0.5679 0.5654 0.5545 0.6745 0.5914 0.4514 0.4457 0.6029 0.6857 0.3343 0.5836 0.3846 0.5350 0.5061 0.4882 0.7071 0.5709 0.5855 0.6213 0.6125 0.5880 0.6531 0.6212 0.4943 0.8086 0.5910 GTP 0.1145 0.1473 0.1320 0.1400 0.1062 0.1118 0.0900 0.0977 0.0950 0.0533 0.0967 0.0853 0.1033 0.0989 0.0977 0.1177 0.1055 0.1164 0.0800 0.0800 0.0977 0.0907 0.1157 0.0943 0.1255 0.1336 0.1250 0.1200 0.1091 0.1350 0.1097 0.1345 0.1510 0.1500 0.1110 0.1408 0.1076 0.1257 0.1571 0.1380 Histidine 0.1964 0.1936 0.1440 0.1750 0.1846 0.2127 0.1737 0.2074 0.1700 0.0917 0.2889 0.1853 0.1554 0.1816 0.1340 0.2654 0.2317 0.2309 0.2429 0.1543 0.1697 0.2034 0.1779 0.1486 0.1855 0.1936 0.1700 0.2426 0.1991 0.1671 0.1440 0.1614 0.1626 0.1900 0.2520 0.1338 0.1624 0.0914 0.1714 0.1650 IMP 0.1309 0.0409 0.0408 0.0400 0.0600 0.0764 0.1784 0.2537 0.3325 0.1017 0.0467 0.0573 0.0403 0.0535 0.0391 0.0738 0.1076 0.6036 0.4229 0.0429 0.0446 0.0337 0.0471 0.0400 0.0900 0.0846 0.1400 0.0887 0.0791 0.0450 0.0754 0.0579 0.0523 0.0400 0.0690 0.0992 0.0688 0.0600 0.0400 0.0570 Inosine 0.1582 0.0682 0.0768 0.0800 0.0646 0.0573 0.0947 0.1389 0.3675 0.4317 0.1778 0.3493 0.1387 0.2043 0.1493 0.0969 0.0621 0.1455 0.2486 0.2000 0.1663 0.0776 0.1243 0.1571 0.0818 0.1200 0.1150 0.0965 0.0573 0.0793 0.0703 0.0724 0.0368 0.0275 0.0660 0.0577 0.0618 0.2114 0.1743 0.1050 Isoleucine 0.0709 0.0436 0.0648 0.0850 0.0254 0.0736 0.0489 0.0651 0.0900 0.0733 0.0744 0.0640 0.0807 0.0714 0.0977 0.0669 0.0600 0.0618 0.0829 0.0543 0.0566 0.0541 0.1114 0.0514 0.0327 0.0273 0.0250 0.0339 0.0273 0.0771 0.0343 0.0393 0.0639 0.0525 0.0570 0.0900 0.0512 0.0857 0.0743 0.0900 Lactate 10.9473 5.3973 5.5440 6.6750 6.7638 8.2582 6.6553 11.5937 9.6975 9.8600 10.1189 8.1707 9.8066 11.2962 10.8349 9.1523 7.8434 8.8600 10.4314 10.9857 8.8800 8.3210 9.7243 5.6114 9.7964 7.0336 11.3300 8.2487 4.0827 9.4929 8.9863 8.0090 9.2942 9.2125 6.4950 7.5831 5.1600 8.0800 4.9943 9.2910 Leucine 0.1309 0.1091 0.1080 0.1550 0.0369 0.1200 0.1011 0.1183 0.1575 0.1333 0.1567 0.1227 0.1397 0.1508 0.1437 0.1038 0.0972 0.1145 0.1400 0.1114 0.1217 0.1127 0.2036 0.0914 0.0464 0.0327 0.0450 0.0444 0.0355 0.1436 0.0583 0.0745 0.1181 0.1025 0.1140 0.1385 0.0865 0.1314 0.1343 0.1530 Lysine 0.2291 0.2482 0.1392 0.4650 0.2792 0.2018 0.1468 0.3051 0.2225 0.1300 0.1378 0.2080 0.1495 0.1654 0.1800 0.1938 0.2938 0.4073 0.4000 0.2257 0.1663 0.1800 0.2829 0.2657 0.2455 0.3000 0.2500 0.2661 0.1609 0.2293 0.1440 0.2090 0.2168 0.1725 0.1950 0.1754 0.2400 0.1800 0.1971 0.1890 Methionine 0.2891 0.2427 0.1320 0.1800 0.1315 0.0955 0.0821 0.1371 0.0650 0.0500 0.1611 0.1267 0.1328 0.1249 0.1102 0.0877 0.0931 0.1000 0.0743 0.1114 0.1474 0.1420 0.1693 0.0914 0.1773 0.1227 0.0700 0.1122 0.0300 0.2421 0.1440 0.1572 0.1916 0.2575 0.0930 0.1385 0.1094 0.2286 0.2343 0.1410 myo-Inositol 0.3709 0.3191 0.2880 0.4150 0.2538 0.3791 0.4232 0.4629 0.3850 0.6833 0.2767 0.3173 0.3452 0.3843 0.2791 0.4223 0.3724 0.5545 0.5114 0.2143 0.2451 0.2078 0.2764 0.2429 0.4582 0.3736 0.4050 0.3078 0.3327 0.3450 0.3309 0.2710 0.3426 0.3700 0.3870 0.3046 0.2294 0.3029 0.3314 0.4140 NAD+ 0.5236 0.5427 0.5328 0.6650 0.5008 0.7582 0.6379 0.6634 0.1850 0.2750 0.5378 0.6573 0.5538 0.5854 0.5512 0.9254 0.7034 0.6455 0.6686 0.7314 0.5897 0.5356 0.6279 0.5286 0.6218 0.4882 0.6050 0.5974 0.5454 0.4521 0.4440 0.4779 0.4335 0.4875 0.7770 0.3392 0.5912 0.3600 0.3314 0.6030 NADP+ 0.0382 0.0600 0.0528 0.0650 0.0554 0.0709 0.0600 0.0514 0.0400 0.0317 0.0422 0.0413 0.0384 0.0551 0.0530 0.0531 0.0641 0.0545 0.0429 0.0429 0.0497 0.0454 0.0621 0.0457 0.0300 0.0491 0.0500 0.0522 0.0409 0.0493 0.0429 0.0435 0.0600 0.0475 0.0840 0.0508 0.0547 0.0286 0.0400 0.0630 Niacinamide 0.2673 0.2073 0.1800 0.2900 0.1823 0.2209 0.1942 0.2983 0.4250 0.1867 0.1567 0.1547 0.1466 0.1524 0.1312 0.3300 0.2938 0.3545 0.2914 0.1343 0.1406 0.1595 0.1629 0.1657 0.2373 0.2346 0.2650 0.2426 0.1964 0.2143 0.2057 0.1490 0.1935 0.2175 0.2400 0.2146 0.1694 0.2571 0.2257 0.2310 N_N-Dimethylglycine 0.0436 0.0382 0.0336 0.0400 0.0531 0.0300 0.0253 0.0291 0.0200 0.0117 0.0222 0.0240 0.0207 0.0243 0.0209 0.0346 0.0310 0.0309 0.0314 0.0257 0.0257 0.0205 0.0171 0.0200 0.0300 0.0300 0.0350 0.0365 0.0273 0.0321 0.0257 0.0269 0.0310 0.0325 0.0330 0.0254 0.0300 0.0257 0.0229 0.0330 O-Acetylcarnitine 0.1909 0.1173 0.1464 0.1400 0.0969 0.1200 0.1263 0.2160 0.1000 0.1000 0.1867 0.2053 0.1603 0.2173 0.1730 0.1408 0.1262 0.0600 0.1314 0.1457 0.1869 0.1390 0.1329 0.1286 0.1746 0.1036 0.1600 0.1278 0.0654 0.2250 0.1217 0.1779 0.3135 0.2525 0.0780 0.1177 0.0565 0.1486 0.1171 0.0840 O-Phosphocholine 0.2018 0.1309 0.1608 0.1800 0.1131 0.1418 0.1263 0.1509 0.1100 0.1450 0.1911 0.1387 0.1348 0.1103 0.1047 0.1777 0.1655 0.1727 0.1457 0.0943 0.0994 0.0732 0.0943 0.1029 0.1391 0.1555 0.1400 0.1487 0.0982 0.1350 0.1080 0.1469 0.1548 0.1425 0.1680 0.1638 0.1076 0.1314 0.1457 0.1770 O-Phosphoethanolamine 0.2727 0.2618 0.2232 0.4150 0.2885 0.1827 0.2337 0.2657 0.3175 0.2000 0.1733 0.1827 0.2075 0.1995 0.2833 0.3600 0.1759 0.4145 0.3229 0.1886 0.1371 0.1551 0.3879 0.1629 0.2127 0.1964 0.2550 0.3183 0.2809 0.1350 0.2126 0.1593 0.1626 0.2025 0.2490 0.3300 0.1976 0.2314 0.2486 0.2850 Pantothenate 0.0655 0.0600 0.0456 0.0950 0.0438 0.0600 0.0474 0.0480 0.0600 0.0450 0.0411 0.0413 0.0334 0.0632 0.0279 0.0669 0.0455 0.0745 0.0886 0.0571 0.0463 0.0556 0.0643 0.0629 0.0436 0.0873 0.1250 0.0600 0.0436 0.0514 0.0497 0.0352 0.0368 0.0350 0.0450 0.0715 0.0459 0.0429 0.0400 0.0780 Phenylalanine 0.0382 0.0518 0.0336 0.0650 0.0577 0.0491 0.0395 0.0549 0.0550 0.0550 0.0944 0.0547 0.0423 0.0600 0.0447 0.0623 0.0476 0.0636 0.0771 0.0286 0.0463 0.0454 0.0621 0.0314 0.0464 0.0546 0.0600 0.0470 0.0382 0.0643 0.0566 0.0538 0.0755 0.0550 0.0690 0.0577 0.0371 0.0400 0.0543 0.0840 Pyruvate 0.2018 0.1391 0.1536 0.2050 0.0715 0.1500 0.0805 0.0926 0.1050 0.0750 0.1011 0.1133 0.0875 0.0892 0.1074 0.1915 0.1490 0.1527 0.1343 0.1229 0.1149 0.0937 0.1371 0.1086 0.0846 0.0954 0.0600 0.0783 0.0627 0.1136 0.0429 0.0848 0.0871 0.0925 0.1770 0.1246 0.1182 0.1171 0.1000 0.1890 Serine 0.6164 0.6545 0.5328 0.6650 0.3646 0.4664 0.3742 0.5366 0.4625 0.4617 1.1222 0.5867 0.6108 0.7135 0.6028 0.4708 0.4883 0.5982 0.6229 0.4314 0.6274 0.7259 1.1679 0.4800 0.3736 0.3164 0.3250 0.1983 0.3355 0.5143 0.4423 0.6228 0.5961 0.4450 0.3780 0.5908 0.3512 0.5000 0.7429 0.5610 sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine 0.6491 0.4636 0.5112 0.4600 0.4685 0.8182 0.6726 0.5863 0.4950 0.3400 0.5744 0.4987 0.4820 0.5870 0.5149 0.9854 1.0697 0.8000 0.7686 0.6971 0.6206 0.6132 0.4800 0.4429 0.5782 0.5182 0.7050 0.7278 0.3791 0.6236 0.4869 0.5090 0.4839 0.5550 0.9750 0.4477 0.3812 0.3686 0.4000 0.4710 Succinate 0.6218 0.2700 0.3096 0.4450 0.3831 0.5536 0.3363 0.6377 0.6450 0.7083 0.7544 0.9840 0.7810 0.9405 0.9851 0.7292 0.5338 0.8782 1.1029 1.0171 0.9737 0.7624 0.6686 0.7057 0.4555 0.3927 0.4450 0.4252 0.2836 0.3879 0.2194 0.4448 0.6774 0.6600 0.4050 0.3023 0.3335 0.5314 0.2971 0.5040 Taurine 43.1673 39.3818 37.5840 38.6550 32.3954 36.2836 30.6000 35.9451 24.7300 20.0417 26.1244 29.2200 28.1282 28.3411 29.3847 40.4308 40.0490 37.8782 38.6829 31.8886 30.0223 29.8537 31.0114 25.3029 37.2600 36.8700 35.6100 41.9922 33.2454 41.6421 34.4571 36.5628 39.8477 39.4075 38.6010 31.5392 32.5729 25.9543 31.1771 37.0800 Threonine 0.2945 0.1827 0.1344 0.2350 0.1777 0.2673 0.2289 0.1971 0.1825 0.1167 0.3033 0.3053 0.2980 0.2578 0.2749 0.3185 0.1903 0.2636 0.3800 0.2914 0.3240 0.2371 0.4329 0.2286 0.2346 0.1991 0.2300 0.2400 0.2155 0.2721 0.2194 0.2566 0.2884 0.2875 0.1680 0.4015 0.2453 0.2229 0.2657 0.4080 Tyrosine 0.0764 0.0764 0.0576 0.1000 0.0600 0.0818 0.0537 0.0891 0.0650 0.0800 0.1078 0.0733 0.0856 0.0924 0.0809 0.0808 0.0724 0.1091 0.0714 0.0914 0.0840 0.0717 0.0964 0.0486 0.0573 0.0518 0.0550 0.0626 0.0518 0.0836 0.0531 0.0579 0.0929 0.0775 0.0690 0.0600 0.0406 0.0686 0.0600 0.0750 UDP-glucose 0.0764 0.0818 0.0432 0.0750 0.0462 0.0682 0.0616 0.0686 0.1000 0.0850 0.1000 0.0640 0.0669 0.0665 0.0767 0.0692 0.0331 0.0655 0.0371 0.0743 0.0737 0.0907 0.1457 0.0657 0.0818 0.0818 0.0450 0.0991 0.0573 0.0986 0.0651 0.0559 0.1123 0.0675 0.0810 0.0462 0.0653 0.0829 0.0343 0.0480 UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 0.0436 0.0491 0.0408 0.0600 0.0323 0.0409 0.0253 0.0291 0.0225 0.0250 0.0333 0.0213 0.0256 0.0389 0.0363 0.0462 0.0372 0.0218 0.0314 0.0371 0.0326 0.0410 0.0171 0.0229 0.0436 0.0409 0.0900 0.0287 0.0464 0.0514 0.0206 0.0393 0.0252 0.0425 0.0570 0.0438 0.0318 0.0257 0.0657 0.0360 Valine 0.1473 0.0927 0.1128 0.1500 0.0462 0.1445 0.1074 0.1389 0.1450 0.1350 0.1678 0.1373 0.1525 0.1297 0.1786 0.1385 0.1345 0.1164 0.1543 0.1286 0.1354 0.1244 0.1821 0.0943 0.0682 0.0382 0.0350 0.0626 0.0518 0.1329 0.0754 0.0890 0.1355 0.1250 0.1230 0.1454 0.0988 0.1257 0.1343 0.1560 NMR_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name pubchem_id inchi_key kegg_id other_id other_id_type ri ri_type moverz_quant 3-Hydroxybutyrate Acetate ADP Alanine AMP Asparagine Aspartate ATP Choline Citrate Creatine Creatine phosphate Creatinine Formate Fumarate Glucose Glutamate Glutamine Glutathione Glycine GTP Histidine IMP Inosine Isoleucine Lactate Leucine Lysine Methionine myo-Inositol NAD+ NADP+ Niacinamide N,N-Dimethylglycine O-Acetylcarnitine O-Phosphocholine O-Phosphoethanolamine Pantothenate Phenylalanine Pyruvate Serine sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine Succinate Taurine Threonine Tyrosine UDP-glucose UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Valine METABOLITES_END #END