Summary of Study ST003103

This data is available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository (NMDR) website, the Metabolomics Workbench, https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org, where it has been assigned Project ID PR001926. The data can be accessed directly via it's Project DOI: 10.21228/M8RT5W This work is supported by NIH grant, U2C- DK119886.

See: https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/about/howtocite.php

This study contains a large results data set and is not available in the mwTab file. It is only available for download via FTP as data file(s) here.

Study ID	ST003103
Study Title	Reinforcing the Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Long COVID Patients using a Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics Approach
Study Summary	Despite the recent and increasing knowledge surrounding COVID-19 infection, the underlying mechanisms of the persistence of symptoms long time after the acute infection are still not completely understood. Here, a multiplatform mass spectrometry-based approach was used for metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of human plasma samples from Long COVID patients (n=40) to reveal mitochondrial dysfunction when compared with individuals fully recovered from acute mild COVID-19 (n=40). Untargeted metabolomic analysis using CE-ESI(+/–)-TOF-MS and GC-Q-MS was performed. Additionally, a lipidomic analysis using LC-ESI(+/–)-QTOF-MS based on an in-house library revealed 471 lipid species identified with high confidence annotation level. The integration of complementary analytical platforms has allowed a comprehensive metabolic and lipidomic characterization of plasma alterations in Long COVID disease that found 46 relevant metabolites which allowed to discriminate between Long COVID and fully recovered patients. We report specific metabolites altered in Long COVID, mainly related to a decrease in the amino acid metabolism and ceramide plasma levels, and an increase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reinforcing the evidence of an impaired mitochondrial function. The most relevant alterations shown in this study will help to better understand the insights of Long COVID syndrome by providing a deeper knowledge of the metabolomic basis of the pathology.
Institute	Universidad CEU San Pablo
Department	Chemistry and Biochemistry
Laboratory	CEMBIO
Last Name	Martinez
First Name	Sara
Address	Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
Email	sara.martinezlopez@ceu.es
Phone	(+34)913724769
Submit Date	2024-02-15
Num Groups	2
Total Subjects	80
Num Males	14
Num Females	66
Raw Data Available	Yes
Raw Data File Type(s)	mzML
Analysis Type Detail	GC/LC-MS
Release Date	2024-03-25
Release Version	1

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Sample Preparation:

Sampleprep ID:	SP003224
Sampleprep Summary:	For CE-MS analysis 200 µL of frozen plasma extract (MeOH/EtOH 1:1, v/v) were thawed on ice and dried completely using a SpeedVac Concentrator System. The resulting residue was then reconstituted in 100 µL of 0.2 mM MetS dissolved in 0.1 M FA. After vortex-mixing for 1 min, the samples were transferred to a Millipore filter with a 30 kDa protein cutoff and centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 40 min at 4 °C. Finally, the resulting ultrafiltrate was transferred to a CE-MS vial for further analysis. Prior to the analysis vials were centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 min at 4 °C to ensure that any possible sediment remained at the bottom of the vial. For GC-MS analysis 200 µL of each plasma extract was thawed on ice to room temperature and 30 µL of the internal standard (IS), palmitic acid-d31 in MeOH (80 mg/mL) was added to it. The mixture was vortexed for 5 min and 200 µL of the solution were transferred to a GC-MS vial. Then, samples were evaporated to dryness using a SpeedVac Concentrator System and maintained at 8 °C in the Gerstel Multiple Purpose Sample (MPS) Preparation Station. An automated two step derivatization process was performed before sample injection using a protocol adjusted from a previous reported method. First, each precipitate was redissolved in 20 µL of O-methoxyamine solution (15 mg/mL in pyridine) for the methoximation process, mixed 10 min at 1,000 rpm and incubated for 90 min at 60 °C at 750 rpm. Second, and after waiting 5 min, 40 µL of BSTFA with 1% TMCS were added for the silylation process. Then, samples were mixed for 10 min at 1,000 rpm and incubated for 60 min at 60 °C at 750 rpm. After waiting 30 min at 8 °C, 80 µL of heptane containing 20 mg/mL of tricosane (IS) were added and mixed for 5 min at 1,000 rpm. Finally, samples were maintained at 8 °C for 30 min before injection. For LC-MS 200 µL of each plasma extract was thawed on ice to room temperature and centrifuged for 10 min at 16,100 x g at 4 °C, transferred to a LC-MS vial and directly injected into the system.

Sampleprep ID:

SP003224

Sampleprep Summary:

For CE-MS analysis 200 µL of frozen plasma extract (MeOH/EtOH 1:1, v/v) were thawed on ice and dried completely using a SpeedVac Concentrator System. The resulting residue was then reconstituted in 100 µL of 0.2 mM MetS dissolved in 0.1 M FA. After vortex-mixing for 1 min, the samples were transferred to a Millipore filter with a 30 kDa protein cutoff and centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 40 min at 4 °C. Finally, the resulting ultrafiltrate was transferred to a CE-MS vial for further analysis. Prior to the analysis vials were centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 min at 4 °C to ensure that any possible sediment remained at the bottom of the vial. For GC-MS analysis 200 µL of each plasma extract was thawed on ice to room temperature and 30 µL of the internal standard (IS), palmitic acid-d31 in MeOH (80 mg/mL) was added to it. The mixture was vortexed for 5 min and 200 µL of the solution were transferred to a GC-MS vial. Then, samples were evaporated to dryness using a SpeedVac Concentrator System and maintained at 8 °C in the Gerstel Multiple Purpose Sample (MPS) Preparation Station. An automated two step derivatization process was performed before sample injection using a protocol adjusted from a previous reported method. First, each precipitate was redissolved in 20 µL of O-methoxyamine solution (15 mg/mL in pyridine) for the methoximation process, mixed 10 min at 1,000 rpm and incubated for 90 min at 60 °C at 750 rpm. Second, and after waiting 5 min, 40 µL of BSTFA with 1% TMCS were added for the silylation process. Then, samples were mixed for 10 min at 1,000 rpm and incubated for 60 min at 60 °C at 750 rpm. After waiting 30 min at 8 °C, 80 µL of heptane containing 20 mg/mL of tricosane (IS) were added and mixed for 5 min at 1,000 rpm. Finally, samples were maintained at 8 °C for 30 min before injection. For LC-MS 200 µL of each plasma extract was thawed on ice to room temperature and centrifuged for 10 min at 16,100 x g at 4 °C, transferred to a LC-MS vial and directly injected into the system.