Summary of Study ST002107

This data is available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository (NMDR) website, the Metabolomics Workbench, https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org, where it has been assigned Project ID PR001335. The data can be accessed directly via it's Project DOI: 10.21228/M85416 This work is supported by NIH grant, U2C- DK119886.

See: https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/about/howtocite.php

This study contains a large results data set and is not available in the mwTab file. It is only available for download via FTP as data file(s) here.

Study ID	ST002107
Study Title	Genetic and chemical validation of Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase PfA-M17 as a drug target in the hemoglobin digestion pathway (Part 2)
Study Summary	Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, continues to remain a global health threat since these parasites are now resistant to all anti-malaria drugs used throughout the world. Accordingly, drugs with novel modes of action are desperately required to combat malaria. P. falciparum parasites infect human red blood cells where they digest the hosts main protein constituent, hemoglobin. Leucine aminopeptidase PfA-M17 is one of several aminopeptidases that have been implicated in the last step of this digestive pathway. Here we utilize both reverse genetics and a compound specifically designed to inhibit the activity of PfA-M17 to show that PfA-M17 is essential for P. falciparum survival as it provides parasites with free amino acids for growth, many of which are highly likely to originate from hemoglobin. We further show that our inhibitor is on-target for PfA-M17 and has the ability to kill parasites at nanomolar concentrations. Thus, in contrast to other hemoglobin-degrading proteases that have overlapping redundant functions, we validate PfA-M17 as a potential novel drug target.
Institute	Monash University
Last Name	Siddiqui
First Name	Ghizal
Address	381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Email	ghizal.siddiqui@monash.edu
Phone	99039282
Submit Date	2022-03-16
Raw Data Available	Yes
Raw Data File Type(s)	raw(Thermo)
Analysis Type Detail	LC-MS
Release Date	2022-04-04
Release Version	1

Select appropriate tab below to view additional metadata details:

Project:

Project ID:	PR001335
Project DOI:	doi: 10.21228/M85416
Project Title:	Genetic and chemical validation of Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase PfA-M17 as a drug target in the hemoglobin digestion pathway
Project Summary:	Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, continues to remain a global health threat since these parasites are now resistant to all anti-malaria drugs used throughout the world. Accordingly, drugs with novel modes of action are desperately required to combat malaria. P. falciparum parasites infect human red blood cells where they digest the hosts main protein constituent, hemoglobin. Leucine aminopeptidase PfA-M17 is one of several aminopeptidases that have been implicated in the last step of this digestive pathway. Here we utilize both reverse genetics and a compound specifically designed to inhibit the activity of PfA-M17 to show that PfA-M17 is essential for P. falciparum survival as it provides parasites with free amino acids for growth, many of which are highly likely to originate from hemoglobin. We further show that our inhibitor is on-target for PfA-M17 and has the ability to kill parasites at nanomolar concentrations. Thus, in contrast to other hemoglobin-degrading proteases that have overlapping redundant functions, we validate PfA-M17 as a potential novel drug target.
Institute:	Monash University
Last Name:	Siddiqui
First Name:	Ghizal
Address:	381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
Email:	ghizal.siddiqui@monash.edu
Phone:	99039282

Subject:

Subject ID:	SU002192
Subject Type:	Cultured cells
Subject Species:	Plasmodium falciparum
Taxonomy ID:	5833

Factors:

Subject type: Cultured cells; Subject species: Plasmodium falciparum (Factor headings shown in green)

mb_sample_id	local_sample_id	cell_type	treatment
SA202336	3D7_glu_neg_1	iRBC	DMSO
SA202337	3D7_glu_neg_3	iRBC	DMSO
SA202338	3D7_glu_neg_2	iRBC	DMSO
SA202339	3D7_glu_pos_3	iRBC	Glucosamine
SA202340	3D7_glu_pos_1	iRBC	Glucosamine
SA202341	3D7_glu_pos_2	iRBC	Glucosamine
SA202342	M17_glu_neg_3	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS
SA202343	M17_glu_neg_1	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS
SA202344	M17_glu_neg_2	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS
SA202345	M17_glu_pos_3	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS +Glucosamine
SA202346	M17_glu_pos_2	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS +Glucosamine
SA202347	M17_glu_pos_1	iRBC	PfAM17-HAglmS +Glucosamine

Showing results 1 to 12 of 12

Showing results 1 to 12 of 12

Collection:

Collection ID:	CO002185
Collection Summary:	Heparin synchronized Pf3D7 and PfM17-HAglmS parasites were allowed to invade RBC for 4 h and any remaining schizonts were lysed by sorbitol synchronization and parasite cultures were only treated with GlcN. Parasites were harvested at developmentally similar timepoints by centrifugation at 900 g for 5 min and then resuspended in 10 mL of chilled PBS. Parasite metabolism was quenched by cooling samples to between 3-5°C in an ethanol-dry ice bath. The rest of the preparation was performed at 4°C. Parasites were magnet purified on a VarioMACS column and 3x107 parasites were used for downstream analysis. All samples were centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min, the supernatant was removed, and the pellet washed in 500 µL of ice-cold PBS. Samples were again centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min and pellets were resuspended in 150 µL of ice-cold extraction buffer (100% methanol) and quickly resuspended. The samples were then incubated on a vortex mixer for 1 h at 4°C before being centrifuged at 17,000 g for 10 min; from this 100 µL of supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. For each sample, another 10 µL was collected and pooled, to serve as a quality control (QC) sample.
Sample Type:	Blood (whole)

Treatment:

Treatment ID:	TR002204
Treatment Summary:	Heparin synchronized Pf3D7 and PfM17-HAglmS parasites were allowed to invade RBC for 4 h and any remaining schizonts were lysed by sorbitol synchronization and parasite cultures were only treated with GlcN. Parasites were harvested at developmentally similar timepoints by centrifugation at 900 g for 5 min and then resuspended in 10 mL of chilled PBS. Parasite metabolism was quenched by cooling samples to between 3-5°C in an ethanol-dry ice bath. The rest of the preparation was performed at 4°C. Parasites were magnet purified on a VarioMACS column and 3x107 parasites were used for downstream analysis. All samples were centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min, the supernatant was removed, and the pellet washed in 500 µL of ice-cold PBS. Samples were again centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min and pellets were resuspended in 150 µL of ice-cold extraction buffer (100% methanol) and quickly resuspended. The samples were then incubated on a vortex mixer for 1 h at 4°C before being centrifuged at 17,000 g for 10 min; from this 100 µL of supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. For each sample, another 10 µL was collected and pooled, to serve as a quality control (QC) sample.

Treatment ID:

TR002204

Treatment Summary:

Heparin synchronized Pf3D7 and PfM17-HAglmS parasites were allowed to invade RBC for 4 h and any remaining schizonts were lysed by sorbitol synchronization and parasite cultures were only treated with GlcN. Parasites were harvested at developmentally similar timepoints by centrifugation at 900 g for 5 min and then resuspended in 10 mL of chilled PBS. Parasite metabolism was quenched by cooling samples to between 3-5°C in an ethanol-dry ice bath. The rest of the preparation was performed at 4°C. Parasites were magnet purified on a VarioMACS column and 3x107 parasites were used for downstream analysis. All samples were centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min, the supernatant was removed, and the pellet washed in 500 µL of ice-cold PBS. Samples were again centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min and pellets were resuspended in 150 µL of ice-cold extraction buffer (100% methanol) and quickly resuspended. The samples were then incubated on a vortex mixer for 1 h at 4°C before being centrifuged at 17,000 g for 10 min; from this 100 µL of supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. For each sample, another 10 µL was collected and pooled, to serve as a quality control (QC) sample.

Sample Preparation:

Sampleprep ID:	SP002198
Sampleprep Summary:	Heparin synchronized Pf3D7 and PfM17-HAglmS parasites were allowed to invade RBC for 4 h and any remaining schizonts were lysed by sorbitol synchronization and parasite cultures were only treated with GlcN. Parasites were harvested at developmentally similar timepoints by centrifugation at 900 g for 5 min and then resuspended in 10 mL of chilled PBS. Parasite metabolism was quenched by cooling samples to between 3-5°C in an ethanol-dry ice bath. The rest of the preparation was performed at 4°C. Parasites were magnet purified on a VarioMACS column and 3x107 parasites were used for downstream analysis. All samples were centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min, the supernatant was removed, and the pellet washed in 500 µL of ice-cold PBS. Samples were again centrifuged at 650 g for 3 min and pellets were resuspended in 150 µL of ice-cold extraction buffer (100% methanol) and quickly resuspended. The samples were then incubated on a vortex mixer for 1 h at 4°C before being centrifuged at 17,000 g for 10 min; from this 100 µL of supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C until analysis. For each sample, another 10 µL was collected and pooled, to serve as a quality control (QC) sample.

Sampleprep ID:

SP002198

Sampleprep Summary:

Combined analysis:

Analysis ID	AN003446	AN003447
Analysis type	MS	MS
Chromatography type	HILIC	HILIC
Chromatography system	Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS	Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS
Column	ZIC-pHILIC (150 x 4.6mm,5um) equipped with a guard SeQuant,Merck)	ZIC-pHILIC (150 x 4.6mm,5um) equipped with a guard SeQuant,Merck)
MS Type	ESI	ESI
MS instrument type	Orbitrap	Orbitrap
MS instrument name	Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap	Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap
Ion Mode	POSITIVE	NEGATIVE
Units	relative intensity	relative intensity

Chromatography:

Chromatography ID:	CH002546
Instrument Name:	Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS
Column Name:	ZIC-pHILIC (150 x 4.6mm,5um) equipped with a guard SeQuant,Merck)
Chromatography Type:	HILIC

MS:

MS ID:	MS003209
Analysis ID:	AN003446
Instrument Name:	Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap
Instrument Type:	Orbitrap
MS Type:	ESI
MS Comments:	Metabolite detection was performed using a high-resolution Q Exactive MS (ThermoFisher) in both positive and negative ionisation modes. The PBQC sample was run periodically throughout each LC-MS batch to monitor signal reproducibility and support downstream metabolite identification. Extraction solvent blank samples were also analysed to identify possible contaminating chemical species. To aid in metabolite identification, approximately 250 authentic metabolite standards were analysed prior to each LC-MS batch and their peaks and retention time manually checked using the ToxID software (ThermoFisher). Metabolomics data were analysed using the IDEOM workflow (Creek et al. 2012). Briefly, the IDEOM processing pipeline uses msconvert for conversion of raw files to mzXML files and split polarity, XCMS to extract raw peak intensities and mzMatch to align samples, filter noise, fill missing peaks and annotate related peaks. Manual assessment of spiked internal standards, total ion chromatograms and median peak heights ensured signal reproducibility and allowed exclusion of outlier samples. LC MS peak heights representing metabolite abundances were normalised by median peak height. High confidence metabolite identification (MSI level 1) was made by matching accurate mass and retention time to authentic metabolite standards. Putative identifications (MSI level 2) for metabolites lacking standards were based on exact mass and predicted retention times.
Ion Mode:	POSITIVE

MS ID:	MS003210
Analysis ID:	AN003447
Instrument Name:	Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap
Instrument Type:	Orbitrap
MS Type:	ESI
MS Comments:	Metabolite detection was performed using a high-resolution Q Exactive MS (ThermoFisher) in both positive and negative ionisation modes. The PBQC sample was run periodically throughout each LC-MS batch to monitor signal reproducibility and support downstream metabolite identification. Extraction solvent blank samples were also analysed to identify possible contaminating chemical species. To aid in metabolite identification, approximately 250 authentic metabolite standards were analysed prior to each LC-MS batch and their peaks and retention time manually checked using the ToxID software (ThermoFisher). Metabolomics data were analysed using the IDEOM workflow (Creek et al. 2012). Briefly, the IDEOM processing pipeline uses msconvert for conversion of raw files to mzXML files and split polarity, XCMS to extract raw peak intensities and mzMatch to align samples, filter noise, fill missing peaks and annotate related peaks. Manual assessment of spiked internal standards, total ion chromatograms and median peak heights ensured signal reproducibility and allowed exclusion of outlier samples. LC MS peak heights representing metabolite abundances were normalised by median peak height. High confidence metabolite identification (MSI level 1) was made by matching accurate mass and retention time to authentic metabolite standards. Putative identifications (MSI level 2) for metabolites lacking standards were based on exact mass and predicted retention times.
Ion Mode:	NEGATIVE