Summary of Study ST002447
This data is available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository (NMDR) website, the Metabolomics Workbench, https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org, where it has been assigned Project ID PR001578. The data can be accessed directly via it's Project DOI: 10.21228/M8QQ79 This work is supported by NIH grant, U2C- DK119886.
See: https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/about/howtocite.php
This study contains a large results data set and is not available in the mwTab file. It is only available for download via FTP as data file(s) here.
| Study ID | ST002447 |
| Study Title | Bioactive molecule(s) of gut bacteria of Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) as potential pharmaceuticals |
| Study Summary | Crocodiles thrive in unsanitary conditions, feed on rotten meat, are exposed to heavy metals and are among the very few species to endure the catastrophic Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, and yet they can live up to 100 years. We hypothesized that crocodiles have developed mechanisms to achieve such longevity while surviving under stressful conditions. We speculate that their microbial gut flora may produce substances contributing to their “hardiness” and “longevity”. Previously we characterized selected microbial gut bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of Crocodylus porosus (CP) using 16S rDNA sequencing. Next, bacterial conditioned media containing gut microbial metabolites were prepared. Bioassay-guided testing of selected bacterial conditioned media using LC-TIMS-QTOF MS, revealed the identity of gut microbial metabolites. Among two bacterial conditioned media, i.e., CP27 and 36, the analyses resulted in 141 highly confidently (MS/MS) identified metabolites in both samples. The pairwise comparison of the two samples indicated that 109 metabolites change significantly between them (p <0.05). Among abundant metabolites more prevalent in CP36 there were 2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine, Acetaminophen, Trans-Ferulic acid, N, N-Dimethylformamide, Pyrocatechol, Cyclohexanone, 3, 4-Dihydrozphenylglycol, Diphenhydramine, Melatonin, Gamma –terpinene. Whereas in CP27 samples the most abundant metabolites were Carbamazepin, deoxyninosine, Cysteamine, Benzylnicotinate, 3-phenoxypropionic acid, Indole-3-carbinol, Benzaldehyde, Benzocaine, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 3-Methylindole. Functional enrichment analysis of all identified metabolites with metabolite sets based on drug pathways showed that they were enriched for drug action of top ten pathways associating with enalapril metabolism pathway, diphenhydramine H1-Antihistamine action, enalarpil action pathway, benzocaine action pathway, mepivacaine action pathway, oxybuprocaine action pathways, nifedipine action pathway, propranolol action pathway, acetaminophen metabolism pathway, carbamazepine metabolism pathway. These findings suggest that analyses of crocodile gut bacteria may reveal potential drug leads, intensive future research is needed to realize these expectations. |
| Institute | Sharjah Institute for Medical Research |
| Last Name | Facility |
| First Name | Core |
| Address | M32, SIMR, College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, Sharjah, 000, United Arab Emirates |
| tims-tof@sharjah.ac.ae | |
| Phone | +971 6 5057656 |
| Submit Date | 2022-12-22 |
| Raw Data Available | Yes |
| Raw Data File Type(s) | d |
| Analysis Type Detail | LC-MS |
| Release Date | 2023-06-22 |
| Release Version | 1 |
Select appropriate tab below to view additional metadata details:
Project:
| Project ID: | PR001578 |
| Project DOI: | doi: 10.21228/M8QQ79 |
| Project Title: | Bioactive molecule(s) of gut bacteria of Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) as potential pharmaceuticals |
| Project Summary: | Crocodiles thrive in unsanitary conditions, feed on rotten meat, are exposed to heavy metals and are among the very few species to endure the catastrophic Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, and yet they can live up to 100 years. We hypothesized that crocodiles have developed mechanisms to achieve such longevity while surviving under stressful conditions. We speculate that their microbial gut flora may produce substances contributing to their “hardiness” and “longevity”. Previously we characterized selected microbial gut bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of Crocodylus porosus (CP) using 16S rDNA sequencing. Next, bacterial conditioned media containing gut microbial metabolites were prepared. Bioassay-guided testing of selected bacterial conditioned media using LC-TIMS-QTOF MS, revealed the identity of gut microbial metabolites. Among two bacterial conditioned media, i.e., CP27 and 36, the analyses resulted in 141 highly confidently (MS/MS) identified metabolites in both samples. The pairwise comparison of the two samples indicated that 109 metabolites change significantly between them (p <0.05). Among abundant metabolites more prevalent in CP36 there were 2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine, Acetaminophen, Trans-Ferulic acid, N, N-Dimethylformamide, Pyrocatechol, Cyclohexanone, 3, 4-Dihydrozphenylglycol, Diphenhydramine, Melatonin, Gamma –terpinene. Whereas in CP27 samples the most abundant metabolites were Carbamazepin, deoxyninosine, Cysteamine, Benzylnicotinate, 3-phenoxypropionic acid, Indole-3-carbinol, Benzaldehyde, Benzocaine, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 3-Methylindole. Functional enrichment analysis of all identified metabolites with metabolite sets based on drug pathways showed that they were enriched for drug action of top ten pathways associating with enalapril metabolism pathway, diphenhydramine H1-Antihistamine action, enalarpil action pathway, benzocaine action pathway, mepivacaine action pathway, oxybuprocaine action pathways, nifedipine action pathway, propranolol action pathway, acetaminophen metabolism pathway, carbamazepine metabolism pathway. These findings suggest that analyses of crocodile gut bacteria may reveal potential drug leads, intensive future research is needed to realize these expectations. |
| Institute: | Sharjah Institute for Medical Research |
| Last Name: | Facility |
| First Name: | Core |
| Address: | M32, SIMR, College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE, Sharjah, 000, United Arab Emirates |
| Email: | tims-tof@sharjah.ac.ae |
| Phone: | +971 6 5057656 |
Subject:
| Subject ID: | SU002536 |
| Subject Type: | Bacteria |
| Subject Species: | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Species Group: | Bacteria |
Factors:
Subject type: Bacteria; Subject species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Factor headings shown in green)
| mb_sample_id | local_sample_id | Group |
|---|---|---|
| SA244719 | PA CP27_3_25_1_974 | CP27 |
| SA244720 | PA CP27_2_25_1_973 | CP27 |
| SA244721 | PA CP27_1_25_1_972 | CP27 |
| SA244722 | Ad CP36_2_29_1_985 | CP36 |
| SA244723 | Ad CP36_3_29_1_986 | CP36 |
| SA244724 | Ad CP36_1_29_1_984 | CP36 |
| Showing results 1 to 6 of 6 |
Collection:
| Collection ID: | CO002529 |
| Collection Summary: | The Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), Malaysia, allowed use of crocodile material. Additionally, the use of animals was approved by Sunway Research Ethics Committee, Sunway University, Malaysia (SUNREC 2019/023). A convention on international trade in endangered species (CITES) of wild fauna and flora registered crocodile farm, provided the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Management of crocodile including anesthesia and dissection of the internal organs were carried out by qualified personnel at the farm who routinely perform these procedures. Additionally, we also confirmed that all the experiments were carried out in agreement with appropriate protocols and guidelines as formerly defined (Akbar et al., 2019a). The whole gut was removed aseptically and culturable bacteria were isolated using sterile cotton swabs (Akbar et al., 2019b). Next, the culture were streaked on blood agar plates. The plates were incubated for overnight at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Several bacterial species were observed and further differentiated based on their colony shape, appearance, colour and texture blood agar plates. Unlike bacterial colonies were sub-cultured on nutrient agar plates and incubated for overnight at 37°C. Finally, bacterial identification was done using microbiological as well as 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing (Akbar et al., 2019a). |
| Sample Type: | Bacterial cells |
Treatment:
| Treatment ID: | TR002548 |
| Treatment Summary: | NA |
Sample Preparation:
| Sampleprep ID: | SP002542 |
| Sampleprep Summary: | A volume of 1 mL of the extraction solvent (methanol +0.1% formic acid) was added to the cell extract. The cell extract was then vortexed for 2 min to ensure the quantitative extraction of the metabolites and stored on ice for 1 h, during which the samples were vortexed every 15 min. After this, the insoluble cell matrices were collected and transferred to centrifuge tubes, intermittent ultrasonication using the COPLEY sonicator (QSONICA SONICATOR, USA) under 30% amplifier and for 30 seconds with an ice bath employed throughout the process. Following that, cells debris were then centrifuged (15000 rpm, 10 minutes, - 4 °C) and the sample supernatants were collected and transferred to LC vials for drying in the EZ-2 Plus (GeneVac-Ipswich, UK) at 37 ± 1 °C. Dried samples were resuspended with 200 µL (water + 0.1% formic acid), and vortexed for 2 min. Finally, the samples were filtered using hydrophilic Nylon Syringe Filter of 0.45µm pore size and analyzed by Q-TOF MS. |
Chromatography:
| Chromatography ID: | CH002948 |
| Instrument Name: | Bruker Elute |
| Column Name: | Hamilton Intensity Solo 2 C18 (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm, 90 Å) |
| Column Temperature: | 35 |
| Flow Gradient: | 1%B to 99%B in 15 min |
| Flow Rate: | 250 uL/min |
| Solvent A: | 100% water; 0.1% formic acid |
| Solvent B: | 100% acetonitrile; 0.1% formic acid |
| Chromatography Type: | Reversed phase |
Analysis:
| Analysis ID: | AN003988 |
| Analysis Type: | MS |
| Chromatography ID: | CH002948 |
| Num Factors: | 2 |
| Num Metabolites: | 363 |
| Rt Units: | Minutes |
| Units: | AU |
