Summary of Study ST003296

This data is available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository (NMDR) website, the Metabolomics Workbench, https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org, where it has been assigned Project ID PR002046. The data can be accessed directly via it's Project DOI: 10.21228/M84V61 This work is supported by NIH grant, U2C- DK119886.

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This study contains a large results data set and is not available in the mwTab file. It is only available for download via FTP as data file(s) here.

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Study IDST003296
Study TitleExploring the Effects of Toxic Road Runoff Contaminants (6PPD-quinone, 9,10-anthraquinone) on Juvenile Salmonids with a Multi-OMICs Approach (Liver)
Study TypeMetabolomics
Study SummaryPacific salmonid populations have been declining predominantly due to anthropogenic factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and water contaminants derived from urban storm water runoff. Growing urbanism has resulted in areas of impervious surfaces leading to increased storm water runoff entering urban rivers and streams. Storm water runoff has been correlated to escalating rates of pre-spawn mortality (PSM) events in coho salmon in Pacific Northwest streams. PSM events in salmonids are characterized by rapid onset symptoms including surface swimming, loss of equilibrium, and fin splaying that precede mass adult population mortality prior to egg fertilization. In 2020, a chemical derived from tires, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6Q), was isolated from storm water runoff and subsequent toxicity tests resulted in acute coho salmon mortality exhibiting a 24-hour dose at fifty percent population mortality (LC50) of 95 ng/L. 6Q is an oxidation product derived from N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), which is used by tire manufacturers as an antioxidant and antiozonant. The toxic mechanism of 6Q is not yet known, but it is suspected to induce an inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes encoding for CYP450 enzymes, which are responsible for xenobiotic metabolism. We hypothesize 6Q exposure affects salmonids’ ability to synthesize essential structural and cell signaling molecules and inhibits their ability to metabolize other water contaminants such as polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are a chemical class of concern due to their potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects in aquatic organisms. Thus, this project will focus on the commonly detected water PAH contaminant anthraquinone and its impact on salmonids when co-exposed to 6Q. Further, climate change may be a contributing factor to salmonid susceptibility to water contaminants. Increasing global carbon dioxide emissions have affected aquatic species significantly due to the ability of rivers and streams to transport or store atmospheric carbon dioxide, resulting in rapidly rising water temperatures having potential to exacerbate salmonid sensitivity to water contaminant
Institute
Oregon State University
DepartmentEnvironmental and Molecular Toxicology
LaboratoryWater Quality Toxicology
Last NameGarcia-Jaramillo
First NameManuel
Address1007 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
Emailmanuel.g.jaramillo@oregonstate.edu
Phone541-737-5714
Submit Date2024-07-03
Num Groups6
Total Subjects270
Num MalesNA
Num FemalesNA
Raw Data AvailableYes
Raw Data File Type(s)mzML
Analysis Type DetailLC-MS
Release Date2025-10-01
Release Version1
Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
https://dx.doi.org/10.21228/M84V61
ftp://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/Studies/ application/zip

Select appropriate tab below to view additional metadata details:

Project:

Project ID:PR002046
Project DOI:doi: 10.21228/M84V61
Project Title:Exploring the Effects of Toxic Road Runoff Contaminants (6PPD-quinone, 9,10-anthraquinone) on Juvenile Salmonids with a Multi-OMICs Approach
Project Type:Untargeted Metabolomics
Project Summary:Pacific salmonid populations have been declining predominantly due to anthropogenic factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and water contaminants derived from urban storm water runoff. Growing urbanism has resulted in areas of impervious surfaces leading to increased storm water runoff entering urban rivers and streams. Storm water runoff has been correlated to escalating rates of pre-spawn mortality (PSM) events in coho salmon in Pacific Northwest streams. PSM events in salmonids are characterized by rapid onset symptoms including surface swimming, loss of equilibrium, and fin splaying that precede mass adult population mortality prior to egg fertilization. In 2020, a chemical derived from tires, N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6Q), was isolated from stormwater runoff and subsequent toxicity tests resulted in acute coho salmon mortality exhibiting a 24-hour dose at fifty percent population mortality (LC50) of 95 ng/L. 6Q is an oxidation product derived from N- (1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), which is used by tire manufacturers as an antioxidant and antiozonant. The toxic mechanism of 6Q is not yet known, but it is suspected to induce an inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes encoding for CYP450 enzymes, which are responsible for xenobiotic metabolism. We hypothesize 6Q exposure affects salmonids’ ability to synthesize essential structural and cell signaling molecules and inhibits their ability to metabolize other water contaminants such as polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are a chemical class of concern due to their potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects in aquatic organisms. Thus, this project will focus on the commonly detected water PAH contaminant anthraquinone and its impact on salmonids when co-exposed to 6Q. Further, climate change may be a contributing factor to salmonid susceptibility to water contaminants. Increasing global carbon dioxide emissions have affected aquatic species significantly due to the ability of rivers and streams to transport or store atmospheric carbon dioxide, resulting in rapidly rising water temperatures having potential to exacerbate salmonid sensitivity to water contaminant
Institute:Oregon State University
Department:Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
Laboratory:Water Quality Toxicology
Last Name:Garcia-Jaramillo
First Name:Manuel
Address:1007 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
Email:manuel.g.jaramillo@oregonstate.edu
Phone:541-737-5714

Subject:

Subject ID:SU003417
Subject Type:Fish
Subject Species:Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus kisutch
Taxonomy ID:74940; 8022; 8019
Weight Or Weight Range:3-5 g
Height Or Height Range:NA
Species Group:Fish

Factors:

Subject type: Fish; Subject species: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus kisutch (Factor headings shown in green)

mb_sample_id local_sample_id Treatment Treatment Species
SA357717343_6Q_L2_2_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357718538_6Q_L5_3_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357719284_6Q_L5_1_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357720353_6Q_L2_3_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357721298_6Q_L5_2_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357722281_6Q_L3_1_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357723403_6Q_L1_1_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357724346_6Q_L3_2_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357725499_6Q_L4_2_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357726348_6Q_L1_3_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357727399_6Q_L2_1_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357728481_6Q_L3_3_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357729476_6Q_L1_2_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357730378_6Q_L4_3_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357731282_6Q_L4_1_CH6PPD-quinone Chinook
SA357732328_6Q_L2_2_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357733418_6Q_L3_3_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357734531_6Q_L2_1_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357735511_6Q_L5_3_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357736475_6Q_L1_3_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357737347_6Q_L4_1_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357738411_6Q_L5_2_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357739435_6Q_L3_2_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357740517_6Q_L3_1_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357741303_6Q_L2_3_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357742405_6Q_L1_2_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357743329_6Q_L4_2_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357744514_6Q_L4_3_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357745513_6Q_L5_1_CO6PPD-quinone Coho
SA357746497_6Q_L4_1_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357747313_6Q_L4_3_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357748496_6Q_L4_2_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357749429_6Q_L3_3_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357750428_6Q_L3_2_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357751400_6Q_L1_1_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357752472_6Q_L2_1_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357753488_6Q_L2_3_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357754460_6Q_L2_2_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357755458_6Q_L5_3_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357756274_6Q_L5_1_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357757382_6Q_L5_2_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357758379_6Q_L1_2_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357759363_6Q_L3_1_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357760380_6Q_L1_3_RT6PPD-quinone Rainbow Trout
SA357761493_AQ_L5_2_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357762485_AQ_L4_1_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357763455_AQ_L1_2_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357764351_AQ_L1_3_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357765289_AQ_L2_2_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357766459_AQ_L3_1_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357767391_AQ_L4_2_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357768406_AQ_L4_3_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357769489_AQ_L3_3_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357770392_AQ_L1_1_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357771528_AQ_L2_1_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357772291_AQ_L5_3_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357773316_AQ_L5_1_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357774492_AQ_L3_2_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357775365_AQ_L2_3_CHAnthraquinone Chinook
SA357776339_AQ_L1_1_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357777412_AQ_L3_3_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357778337_AQ_L3_2_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357779278_AQ_L1_2_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357780440_AQ_L3_1_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357781299_AQ_L1_3_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357782296_AQ_L2_3_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357783386_AQ_L4_1_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357784430_AQ_L2_2_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357785302_AQ_L5_3_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357786484_AQ_L2_1_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357787425_AQ_L5_1_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357788297_AQ_L5_2_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357789356_AQ_L4_2_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357790324_AQ_L4_3_COAnthraquinone Coho
SA357791322_AQ_L1_1_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357792427_AQ_L3_2_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357793330_AQ_L1_3_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357794381_AQ_L2_3_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357795292_AQ_L5_1_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357796490_AQ_L1_2_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357797287_AQ_L2_2_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357798471_AQ_L5_2_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357799535_AQ_L5_3_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357800374_AQ_L3_1_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357801503_AQ_L2_1_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357802309_AQ_L3_3_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357803304_AQ_L4_1_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357804408_AQ_L4_2_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357805293_AQ_L4_3_RTAnthraquinone Rainbow Trout
SA357806271_CE_L4_2_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357807451_CE_L2_2_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357808417_CE_L2_3_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357809295_CE_L1_1_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357810404_CE_L1_3_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357811522_CE_L4_3_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357812424_CE_L4_1_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357813352_CE_L5_3_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357814273_CE_L1_2_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357815362_CE_L5_1_CHCoexposure Chinook
SA357816470_CE_L5_2_CHCoexposure Chinook
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Collection:

Collection ID:CO003410
Collection Summary:Fish were sacrificed with MS222 and livers and brains were dissected, weighed, and flash frozen in aluminum foil packets using liquid nitrogen and stored at -80
Sample Type:Brain, Liver
Storage Conditions:-80℃

Treatment:

Treatment ID:TR003426
Treatment Summary:Experimental exposures were conducted using a 2/3 static renewal system every 24-hours for a duration of 120-hours. Phase II experimental design included a 120-hour fasted control tank, a 120-hour fed control tank, and four chemical treatment groups: a 120-hour 1 µg/L 6PPD-q exposure tank, a 120-hour 10 µg/L AQ exposure tank, a 120-hour both 1 µg/L 6PPD-q and 10 µg/L AQ co-exposure tank, and a 120-hour 10 µg/L AQ exposure tank combined with the 24-hour exposure of 1 µg/L 6PPD-q. Each tank included five fish replicates and each condition was repeated to collect three biological replicates (n = 3)
Treatment Compound:6PPD-quinone, Anthraquinone

Sample Preparation:

Sampleprep ID:SP003424
Sampleprep Summary:Liver and brain tissues were allocated into 10 mg samples using a razor and dry ice. Samples were aliquoted in Eppendorf vials with 40 µL of 1.4 mm ceramic beads. Chilled methanol:water, 80:20, was added to the vials (300 µL). Samples were spiked with 3 µL of isotope labeled metabolite Mix 2 QReSS Kit (Cambridge Isotope Labs) to account for extraction variability among tissue samples. Samples were extracted in a Precellys homogenizer (3x15s; 5,500 rpm). Homogenized tissue (200 µL) was transferred to a clean Eppendorf vial with a corresponding randomly assigned ID number. Samples were centrifuged at 10,000g for 3 min at 4 °C. Samples were stored overnight at – 24 °C to precipitated proteins. Samples were centrifuged again at 13,000g for 15 min at 4 °C. Supernatant (150 µL) was recovered in a new Eppendorf tube and stored at 4 °C before LCMS analysis. Samples were spiked with 3 µL of isotope labeled metabolite Mix 1 QReSS Kit (Cambridge Isotope Labs) to account for instrumental variation between runs.

Chromatography:

Chromatography ID:CH004093
Instrument Name:Sciex ExionLC AD
Column Name:GL Sciences Intersil Ph-3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 2um)
Column Temperature:40
Flow Gradient:In %B, at minute 0, 5% B, and held at 5% B until minute 3. From 3-12 minutes a gradient up to 98% B and held at 98% until 17 minutes. From 17 to 17.5 drop to 5% B and held at 5% until 23 minutes.
Flow Rate:0.3 mL/min
Injection Temperature:15
Internal Standard:QReSS Kit
Sample Injection:2 uL
Solvent A:100% water; 0.1% formic acid
Solvent B:100% acetonitrile; 0.1% formic acid
Chromatography Type:Reversed phase

Analysis:

Analysis ID:AN005399
Analysis Type:MS
Chromatography ID:CH004093
Has Mz:1
Has Rt:1
Rt Units:Minutes
Results File:ST003296_AN005399_Results.txt
Units:abundance
  
Analysis ID:AN005400
Analysis Type:MS
Chromatography ID:CH004093
Has Mz:1
Has Rt:1
Rt Units:Minutes
Results File:ST003296_AN005400_Results.txt
Units:abundance
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