ST002301 Serum metabolomics profiling identifies new predictive biomarkers for disease severity in COVID-19 patients
List of human metabolic pathways and metabolites (REACTOME)

Pathway name (# of metabolites detected in study)Reactome pathway
5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis (1) REACT_850
Abacavir metabolism (2) REACT_121388
ABH2 mediated Reversal of Alkylation Damage (1) REACT_526
ABH3 mediated Reversal of Alkylation Damage (1) REACT_1662
Abnormal metabolism in phenylketonuria (3) REACT_121117
Acetylation (1) REACT_6732
Activation of PPARGC1A (PGC-1alpha) by phosphorylation (1) REACT_200686
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (2) REACT_228214
Agmatine biosynthesis (3) REACT_14800
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism (1) REACT_121147
Alpha-oxidation of phytanate (2) REACT_17003
Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) (5) REACT_238
Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane (9) REACT_13796
AMPK inhibits chREBP transcriptional activation activity (1) REACT_1988
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (9) REACT_75795
Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation (10) REACT_75842
Aromatic amines can be N-hydroxylated or N-dealkylated by CYP1A2 (2) REACT_13721
Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism (1) REACT_13639
Beta-oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA (1) REACT_17017
Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (1) REACT_17062
Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB (1) REACT_416
Biotin transport and metabolism (1) REACT_11153
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (2) REACT_197
Cam-PDE 1 activation (1) REACT_15408
Carnitine synthesis (2) REACT_2125
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (2) REACT_1785
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) (1) REACT_14828
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) (3) REACT_18319
Class II GLUTs (1) REACT_19281
Cleavage of the damaged purine (1) REACT_1729
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (1) REACT_163862
Coenzyme A biosynthesis (1) REACT_11218
Collagen biosynthesis and modifying enzymes (1) REACT_121139
Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes (1) REACT_172744
Conjugation of benzoate with glycine (4) REACT_6933
Conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine (3) REACT_6800
Conjugation of salicylate with glycine (2) REACT_6812
Creatine metabolism (3) REACT_813
CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII (1) REACT_20642
Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) (9) REACT_111056
CYP2E1 reactions (1) REACT_13797
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (1) REACT_115589
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (3) REACT_6913
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation (10) REACT_15306
DARPP-32 events (1) REACT_15334
Deadenylation of mRNA (1) REACT_20514
degradation of AXIN (1) REACT_200766
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (1) REACT_115654
Degradation of GABA (2) REACT_23964
Digestion of dietary lipid (1) REACT_9518
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity (1) REACT_121111
Endogenous sterols (1) REACT_13812
Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway (9) REACT_111168
eNOS activation (1) REACT_12477
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (1) REACT_228085
ER-Phagosome pathway (9) REACT_111178
Ethanol oxidation (2) REACT_34
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production (1) REACT_24970
Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis (1) REACT_1319
FCERI mediated NF-kB activation (1) REACT_163994
FMO oxidises nucleophiles (1) REACT_13653
Free fatty acid receptors (2) REACT_21268
GABA synthesis (1) REACT_24020
G alpha (i) signalling events (3) REACT_19231
G alpha (q) signalling events (3) REACT_18283
G alpha (s) signalling events (2) REACT_19327
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (1) REACT_11036
Gluconeogenesis (3) REACT_1520
Glucuronidation (2) REACT_6784
Glutamate Neurotransmitter Release Cycle (1) REACT_12591
Glutathione synthesis and recycling (10) REACT_6960
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) (1) REACT_1008
Glycolysis (1) REACT_1383
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (1) REACT_116105
Glyoxylate metabolism (1) REACT_16925
HDMs demethylate histones (1) REACT_228178
Heme biosynthesis (1) REACT_9465
Histidine catabolism (2) REACT_1249
HS-GAG biosynthesis (1) REACT_121248
Hydrolysis of LPE (1) REACT_120785
Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade (1) REACT_163919
ISG15 antiviral mechanism (1) REACT_115831
Ligand-gated ion channel transport (2) REACT_25387
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism (1) REACT_121100
Metabolism of folate and pterines (1) REACT_11167
Metabolism of nucleotides (1) REACT_1698
Metabolism of serotonin (2) REACT_15532
Methionine salvage pathway (2) REACT_75881
Methylation (1) REACT_6946
Miscellaneous substrates (1) REACT_13425
Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH3 (MutSbeta) (1) REACT_228019
Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH6 (MutSalpha) (1) REACT_228145
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (1) REACT_150353
Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation (10) REACT_15302
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (3) REACT_25073
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease (1) REACT_20619
mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease (1) REACT_20518
Na+/Cl- dependent neurotransmitter transporters (10) REACT_20506
Nicotinamide salvaging (1) REACT_11213
Nicotinate metabolism (2) REACT_11088
Nitric oxide stimulates guanylate cyclase (1) REACT_23862
NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression (1) REACT_200856
Organic anion transport (1) REACT_22310
Organic anion transporters (1) REACT_19372
Organic cation transport (2) REACT_22357
Orphan transporters (1) REACT_267716
Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence (1) REACT_169436
Oxygen-dependent asparagine hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha (1) REACT_121226
Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha (1) REACT_120916
Passive transport by Aquaporins (1) REACT_23826
PDE3B signalling (1) REACT_1451
Phagosomal maturation (early endosomal stage) (1) REACT_121256
Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism (1) REACT_1786
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (2) REACT_150237
Platelet degranulation (1) REACT_318
Proline catabolism (1) REACT_1002
Proton-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (2) REACT_19348
Proton/oligonucleotide cotransporters (9) REACT_19328
Purine catabolism (4) REACT_2086
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (4) REACT_1776
Purine salvage (3) REACT_1923
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (1) REACT_21376
Pyrimidine catabolism (1) REACT_1023
Pyrimidine salvage reactions (1) REACT_655
Ras activation uopn Ca2+ infux through NMDA receptor (1) REACT_20546
Recycling of bile acids and salts (3) REACT_11042
Regulation of AMPK activity via LKB1 (1) REACT_21285
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (1) REACT_200780
Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) (1) REACT_13565
Regulation of Rheb GTPase activity by AMPK (1) REACT_21393
Regulation of thyroid hormone activity (1) REACT_15297
Removal of the Flap Intermediate (1) REACT_70
Removal of the Flap Intermediate from the C-strand (1) REACT_7999
Respiratory electron transport (1) REACT_22393
Scavenging by Class A Receptors (1) REACT_163699
Serine biosynthesis (1) REACT_115789
Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis (4) REACT_15439
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (1) REACT_15391
Serotonin Neurotransmitter Release Cycle (1) REACT_15425
Serotonin receptors (1) REACT_17064
SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA Expression (1) REACT_200827
Sodium-coupled sulphate, di- and tri-carboxylate transporters (1) REACT_20646
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (1) REACT_115810
Stimuli-sensing channels (2) REACT_160189
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (2) REACT_115639
SUMO is conjugated to E1 (UBA2:SAE1) (1) REACT_163812
Synthesis and interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (2) REACT_21330
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (1) REACT_11053
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (3) REACT_11041
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) (1) REACT_952
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (1) REACT_150420
Synthesis of PE (1) REACT_120919
Synthesis of PS (1) REACT_120823
Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (1) REACT_22394
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (1) REACT_380
Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (1) REACT_24019
TET1,2,3 and TDG demethylate DNA (1) REACT_200682
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (1) REACT_111176
Thyroxine biosynthesis (1) REACT_15292
Translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane (1) REACT_147867
Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds (1) REACT_19305
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (1) REACT_19397
Transport of nucleosides and free purine and pyrimidine bases across the plasma membrane (4) REACT_1206
Transport of organic anions (2) REACT_23988
Tryptophan catabolism (4) REACT_916
Unblocking of NMDA receptor, glutamate binding and activation (1) REACT_20594
Urea cycle (3) REACT_847
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (1) REACT_59
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation (1) REACT_228024
VEGFR2 mediated vascular permeability (1) REACT_228016
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism (1) REACT_11117
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (1) REACT_11070
Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (1) REACT_25012
Xenobiotics (1) REACT_13543
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