MGP Database

MGP000952

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	enolase 1, (alpha)
Protein Entry	ENOA_HUMAN
UniProt ID	P06733
Species	Human

Comments

Comment type	Description
Alternative Products	Event=Alternative initiation; Named isoforms=2; Name=alpha-enolase; IsoId=P06733-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=MBP-1; IsoId=P06733-2; Sequence=VSP_018725; Note=It is uncertain whether the alternative initiation site is at Met-94 or at Met-97.;
Biophysicochemical Properties	pH dependence: Enolase activity is lost above pH 9.0. Immunoglobulin production stimulating activity is retained at pH 13.0. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1369209};
Catalytic Activity	2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1369209}.
Cofactor	Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18560153}; Note=Binds two Mg(2+) per subunit. Required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18560153};
Developmental Stage	During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.
Function	MBP1 binds to the myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be a tumor suppressor.
Function	Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production.
Induction	Induced in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) after treatment with the natural biological agent, Bryo1. Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16548883, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7787969}.
Interaction	P22303:ACHE; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-353877, EBI-1637793; Q60823:Akt2 (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-353877, EBI-400263; P12004:PCNA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-353877, EBI-358311; Q8WZ42:TTN; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-353877, EBI-681210; P63104:YWHAZ; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-353877, EBI-347088;
Miscellaneous	Used as a diagnostic marker for many tumors and, in the heterodimeric form, alpha/gamma, as a marker for hypoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest. Also marker for endometriosis. Antibodies against alpha-enolase are present in sera from patients with cancer-associated retinopathy syndrome (CAR), a progressive blinding disease which occurs in the presence of systemic tumor growth, primarily small-cell carcinoma of the lung and other malignancies. Is identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) a rare autoimmune disease associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). HT is a disorder in which destructive processes overcome the potential capacity of thyroid replacement leading to hypothyroidism.
Pathway	Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.
Ptm	ISGylated. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16139798, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16815975}.
Sequence Caution	Sequence=AAA35698.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=Several; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAA35698.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Sequencing errors.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Similarity	Belongs to the enolase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10802057}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10802057}. Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, M line {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10802057}. Note=Can translocate to the plasma membrane in either the homodimeric (alpha/alpha) or heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form. ENO1 is localized to the M line.
Subcellular Location	Isoform MBP-1: Nucleus.
Subunit	Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. ENO1 interacts with PLG in the neuronal plasma membrane and promotes its activation. The C-terminal lysine is required for this binding (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Tissue Specificity	The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.
Web Resource	Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/ENO1ID40453ch1p36.html";
Web Resource	Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/eno1/";