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MGP001805

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namelipocalin 2
Protein EntryNGAL_HUMAN
UniProt IDP80188
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Alternative ProductsEvent=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; Name=1; IsoId=P80188-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; IsoId=P80188-2; Sequence=VSP_039780;
FunctionIron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development. Binds iron through association with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5- DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context. Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration. In contrast, association of the iron-free form (apo-24p3) with the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor is followed by association with an intracellular siderophore, iron chelation and iron transfer to the extracellular medium, thereby reducing intracellular iron concentration. Involved in apoptosis due to interleukin-3 (IL3) deprivation: iron-loaded form increases intracellular iron concentration without promoting apoptosis, while iron-free form decreases intracellular iron levels, inducing expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL2L11/BIM, resulting in apoptosis. Involved in innate immunity, possibly by sequestrating iron, leading to limit bacterial growth. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12453413}.
InductionExpression is activated by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL; BCR-ABL misregulates expression via the JAK/STAT pathway and binding of STAT5A to the promoter. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19229297}.
Sequence CautionSequence=CAI13824.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
SimilarityBelongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationSecreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12453413}. Note=Upon binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, it is internalized.
SubunitHomodimer; disulfide-linked. Heterodimer; disulfide- linked with MMP9. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12453412}.
Tissue SpecificityExpressed in bone marrow and in tissues that are prone to exposure to microorganism. High expression is found in bone marrow as well as in uterus, prostate, salivary gland, stomach, appendix, colon, trachea and lung. Not found in the small intestine or peripheral blood leukocytes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9339356}.
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