MGP Database

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MGP005055

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namephospholipase A2, group III
Protein EntryPA2G3_HUMAN
UniProt IDQ9NZ20
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Catalytic ActivityPhosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = 1- acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE- ProRule:PRU10035}.
CofactorName=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108; Note=Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion per subunit.;
Enzyme RegulationArachidonic acid release is markedly increased by glypican, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
FunctionPA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Shows an 11-fold preference for phosphatidylglycerol over phosphatidylcholine (PC). Preferential cleavage: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) > 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC > 1- palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC > 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PE. Plays a role in ciliogenesis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12522102, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20393563}.
InductionBy IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNF in microvascular endothelial cells (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15863501}.
PtmIn several cell types, the N- and C-termini are cleaved off.
PtmN-glycosylation does not affect the catalytic activity, but is required for proper secretion. A nonglycosylated form was observed in several cell types. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15863501}.
Sequence CautionSequence=AAD15617.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
SimilarityBelongs to the phospholipase A2 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationSecreted. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole.
Tissue SpecificityExpressed in kidney, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Also present in placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes. Not detected in brain, colon, thymus, spleen and small intestine. In lung, expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, but scarcely detected in alveolar epithelium, arterial walls and interstitial fibroblasts (at protein level). In joints of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, expressed in endothelial cells (at protein level). In normal heart, detected in some vessels. In myocardial tissues with acute infarction, expressed in vascular endothelial cells adjacent to cardiomyocytes and those in lesions with granulation. Expression in cardiomyocytes is scarce (at protein level). In uterus, breast and colon cancers, detected in tumor cells and neighboring microvascular endothelium, but not in normal glandular tissues (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15863501}.
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