Log in / Register

MGP Database

New search | Record Overview | Ontology/Pathway Information | Domain Information | UniProt Annotations | Related Proteins

MGP001452

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1
Protein Entry
UniProt ID	Q5SU54
Species	Human

Comments

Comment type	Description
Function	Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
Polymorphism	DQ0602 (heterodimer of DQA101:02/DQB106:02) confers dominant protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and strong susceptibility to narcolepsy. DQB106:02 has been found to be present in most of the narcolepsy patients. As well 98% of the patients with an HCRT deficiency are positive for DQB106:02.
Polymorphism	DQ2 (heterodimer of DQA105:01/DQB102:01) is associated with more than 90% of celiac disease patients. A minority displays DQ8 (heterodimer of DQA103/DQB103:02).
Polymorphism	The following alleles of HLA-DQB1 are known: DQB102:01, DQB102:02, DQB102:03, DQB102:04, DQB102:05, DQB103:01, DQB103:02, DQB103:03, DQB103:04, DQB103:05, DQB103:06, DQB103:07, DQB103:08, DQB103:09, DQB103:10, DQB103:11, DQB103:12, DQB103:13, DQB103:14, DQB103:15, DQB103:16, DQB103:17, DQB103:18, DQB103:19, DQB103:20, DQB103:21, DQB103:22, DQB103:23, DQB103:24, DQB103:25, DQB103:26, DQB104:01, DQB104:02, DQB104:03, DQB105:01, DQB105:02, DQB105:03, DQB105:04, DQB105:05, DQB106:01, DQB106:02, DQB106:03, DQB106:04, DQB106:05, DQB106:06, DQB106:07, DQB106:08, DQB106:09, DQB106:10, DQB106:11, DQB106:12, DQB106:13, DQB106:14, DQB106:15, DQB106:16, DQB106:17, DQB106:18, DQB106:19, DQB106:20, DQB106:21, DQB106:22, DQB106:23, DQB106:24, DQB106:25, DQB106:27, DQB106:28, DQB106:29, DQB106:30, DQB106:31, DQB106:32, DQB106:33, DQB106:34, DQB106:35, DQB106:36, DQB106:37, DQB106:38, and DQB106:39. The sequence shown is that of DQB103:01.
Sequence Caution	Sequence=AAC64403.2; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAJ57391.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Similarity	Belongs to the MHC class II family. {ECO:0000305}.
Similarity	Contains 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation.
Subunit	Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit; also referred as MHC class II molecule. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) it forms a heterononamer; 3 MHC class II molecules bind to a CD74 homotrimer (also known as invariant chain or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain). In the endosomal/lysosomal system; CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by various proteases; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP on each MHC class II molecule. MHC class II molecule interacts with HLA_DM, and HLA_DO in B-cells, in order to release CLIP and facilitate the binding of antigenic peptides. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11376336, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14769912, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15020763, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17629515}.
Web Resource	Name=SHMPD; Note=The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database; URL="http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=HLA-DQB1";