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MGP003293

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namevascular endothelial growth factor A
Protein EntryVEGFA_HUMAN
UniProt IDP15692
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Alternative ProductsEvent=Alternative promoter usage, Alternative splicing, Alternative initiation; Named isoforms=17; Comment=Additional isoforms seem to exist.; Name=VEGF206; IsoId=P15692-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=VEGF189; IsoId=P15692-2; Sequence=VSP_004622; Name=VEGF183; IsoId=P15692-3; Sequence=VSP_004621; Name=VEGF165; Synonyms=VEGF; IsoId=P15692-4; Sequence=VSP_004618, VSP_004619; Name=VEGF148; IsoId=P15692-5; Sequence=VSP_004618, VSP_004619, VSP_004624, VSP_004625; Name=VEGF145; IsoId=P15692-6; Sequence=VSP_004623; Name=VEGF165B; IsoId=P15692-8; Sequence=VSP_004618, VSP_004619, VSP_014783; Name=VEGF121; IsoId=P15692-9; Sequence=VSP_004620; Note=No experimental confirmation available.; Name=VEGF111; IsoId=P15692-10; Sequence=VSP_026781; Note=No experimental confirmation available.; Name=L-VEGF165; IsoId=P15692-11; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_004618, VSP_004619; Note=Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11563986, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11731620, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15896327}; Name=L-VEGF121; IsoId=P15692-12; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_004620; Note=Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11563986, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11731620, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15896327}; Name=L-VEGF189; IsoId=P15692-13; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_004622; Note=Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon. Post-translationally processed to produce the secreted VEGF peptide and a N-terminal peptide N-VEGF. The unprocessed protein and the N-VEGF peptide may localize to the nucleus (PubMed:15896327), the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi (PubMed:11731620) or the extracellular matrix (PubMed:11563986). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11563986, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11731620, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15896327}; Name=L-VEGF206; IsoId=P15692-14; Sequence=VSP_038745; Note=Gene prediction based on EST data. Produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation. Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.; Name=15; IsoId=P15692-15; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_054111, VSP_014783; Note=Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.; Name=16; IsoId=P15692-16; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_004621; Note=Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.; Name=17; IsoId=P15692-17; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_054111, VSP_004624, VSP_004625; Note=Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.; Name=18; IsoId=P15692-18; Sequence=VSP_038745, VSP_026781; Note=Starts at an alternative upstream CUG codon.;
DiseaseMicrovascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) [MIM:603933]: Pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end- stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
FunctionGrowth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11427521, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16489009}.
InductionBy hypoxia. Regulated by growth factors, cytokines, gonadotropins, nitric oxide, hypoglycemia and oncogenic mutations. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22009797}.
InteractionSelf; NbExp=10; IntAct=EBI-1026643, EBI-1026643; P17948:FLT1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1026643, EBI-1026718; P35968:KDR; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-1026691, EBI-1005487; O14786:NRP1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1026643, EBI-1187100; O14786-2:NRP1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1026691, EBI-6285281;
Sequence CautionSequence=AAC63102.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAC63143.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Unusual initiator. The initiator methionine is coded by a non-canonical CTG leucine codon.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAC19512.2; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Unusual initiator. The initiator methionine is coded by a non-canonical CTG leucine codon.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAC19516.2; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Unusual initiator. The initiator methionine is coded by a non-canonical CTG leucine codon.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
SimilarityBelongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationSecreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11563986, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11731620, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15896327}. Note=VEGF121 is acidic and freely secreted. VEGF165 is more basic, has heparin-binding properties and, although a signicant proportion remains cell-associated, most is freely secreted. VEGF189 is very basic, it is cell-associated after secretion and is bound avidly by heparin and the extracellular matrix, although it may be released as a soluble form by heparin, heparinase or plasmin.
SubunitHomodimer; disulfide-linked. Also found as heterodimer with PGF (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Tissue SpecificityIsoform VEGF189, isoform VEGF165 and isoform VEGF121 are widely expressed. Isoform VEGF206 and isoform VEGF145 are not widely expressed. A higher level expression seen in pituitary tumors as compared to the pituitary gland. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22009797}.
Web ResourceName=R&D Systems' cytokine mini-reviews: VEGF; URL="http://www.rndsystems.com/molecule_detail.aspx?m=2247";
Web ResourceName=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/vegf/";
Web ResourceName=Wikipedia; Note=VEGF entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor";
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