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MGP000753

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namecytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19
Protein EntryCP2CJ_HUMAN
UniProt IDP33261
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Catalytic Activity(+)-(R)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (+)-trans- carveol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.
Catalytic Activity(-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (-)-perillyl alcohol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.
Catalytic Activity(-)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + O(2) = (-)-trans- carveol + NADP(+) + H(2)O.
CautionP450-254C was originally listed as a separate gene (CYP2C17). Resequencing demonstrated that it is not a separate gene, but a chimera. The 5'-portion corresponds to a partial 2C18 clone, and the 3'-portion corresponds to a partial 2C19 clone. {ECO:0000305}.
CofactorName=heme; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:30413; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23118231};
FunctionResponsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
InductionP450 can be induced to high levels in liver and other tissues by various foreign compounds, including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens.
PolymorphismGenetic variation in CYP2C19 is responsible for poor drug metabolism [MIM:609535]. Individuals can be characterized as either extensive metabolizers (EM) or poor metabolizers (PM). The PM phenotype is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with the EM phenotype comprising both homozygous dominant and heteroyzgote genotypes. There are marked interracial differences in the frequency of this polymorphism. Poor metabolizers represent 2-5% of Caucasians, 13-23% of Asian populations, and as many as 38-79% of individuals of some of the islands of Polynesia and Micronesia. Different alleles of CYP2C19 are known: CYP2C19*1A CYP2C19*1B, CYP2C19*1C, CYP2C19*2A (CYP2C19m1 or CYP2C19m1A), CYP2C19*2B (CYP2C19m1B), CYP2C19*2C (CYP2C19*21), CYP2C19*3A (CYP2C19m2), CYP2C19*3B (CYP2C19*20), CYP2C19*4 (CYP2C19m3), CYP2C19*5A (CYP2C19m4), CYP2C19*5B, CYP2C19*6, CYP2C19*7, CYP2C19*8, CYP2C19*9, CYP2C19*10, CYP2C19*11 CYP2C19*12, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*14 CYP2C19*15, CYP2C19*16, CYP2C19*18, CYP2C19*19. Defective CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles are characterized by a splice mutation and a stop codon, respectively, and account for most of the PM alleles. The sequence shown is that of allele CYP2C19*1B.
SimilarityBelongs to the cytochrome P450 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationEndoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.
Web ResourceName=Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Committee; Note=CYP2C19 alleles; URL="http://www.cypalleles.ki.se/cyp2c19.htm";
Web ResourceName=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/cyp2c19/";
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