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MGP001270

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Nameglutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble
Protein EntryAATC_HUMAN
UniProt IDP17174
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Alternative ProductsEvent=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; Name=1; IsoId=P17174-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; IsoId=P17174-2; Sequence=VSP_055799; Note=No experimental confirmation available.;
Catalytic ActivityL-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.
Catalytic ActivityL-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.
CofactorName=pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
FunctionBiosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L- cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3- mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16039064}.
MiscellaneousAspartate aminotransferase activity found to be increased in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer disease (PubMed:16039064). Fetal serum levels of the enzyme in the umbilical artery and vein are found to be significantly higher than maternal serum levels (PubMed:22633534). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:16039064, ECO:0000305|PubMed:22633534}.
MiscellaneousIn eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.
PolymorphismGenetic variations in GOT1 are associated with low serum aspartate aminotransferase and define the aspartate aminotransferase serum level quantitative trait locus 1 (ASTQTL1) [MIM:614419].
SimilarityBelongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationCytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1974457}.
SubunitHomodimer. {ECO:0000269|Ref.13}.
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