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MGP001926

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namemacrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)
Protein EntryMIF_HUMAN
UniProt IDP14174
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Biophysicochemical PropertiesKinetic parameters: KM=249 uM for phenylpyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11439086}; KM=168 uM for p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11439086}; Vmax=2113 umol/min/mg enzyme toward phenylpyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11439086}; Vmax=524 umol/min/mg enzyme toward p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11439086};
Catalytic ActivityKeto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.
Catalytic ActivityL-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2- carboxylate.
DiseaseRheumatoid arthritis systemic juvenile (RASJ) [MIM:604302]: An inflammatory articular disorder with systemic- onset beginning before the age of 16. It represents a subgroup of juvenile arthritis associated with severe extraarticular features and occasionally fatal complications. During active phases of the disorder, patients display a typical daily spiking fever, an evanescent macular rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, serositis, myalgia and arthritis. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
FunctionPro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15908412, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17443469, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23776208}.
InductionUp-regulated in concanavalin-A-treated lymphocytes. Up- regulated in macrophages upon exposure to M.tuberculosis antigens. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15908412, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2552447}.
InteractionO43521-2:BCL2L11; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-372712, EBI-526420;
MiscellaneousSerum levels of MIF are elevated in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. High levels of MIF are correlated with low survival. Drugs that inhibit tautomerase activity protect against death due to sepsis.
SimilarityBelongs to the MIF family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationSecreted. Cytoplasm. Note=Does not have a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non- classical pathway. Secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.tuberculosis antigens.
SubunitHomotrimer. Interacts with CXCR2 extracellular domain (By similarity). Interacts with the CD74 extracellular domain, COPS5 and BNIPL. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11089976, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11170644, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12681488, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12782713, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17526494, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19090677, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19454686, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23776208}.
Web ResourceName=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/MIFID41365ch22q11.html";
Web ResourceName=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/mif/";
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