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MGP002936

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namesynuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)
Protein EntrySYUA_HUMAN
UniProt IDP37840
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Alternative ProductsEvent=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; Comment=Additional isoforms seem to exist.; Name=1; Synonyms=NACP140; IsoId=P37840-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2-4; Synonyms=NACP112; IsoId=P37840-2; Sequence=VSP_006364; Name=2-5; IsoId=P37840-3; Sequence=VSP_006363;
DiseaseDementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:127750]: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14755719}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
DiseaseNote=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1.
DiseaseParkinson disease 1 (PARK1) [MIM:168601]: A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23427326, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23457019, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9197268, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9462735}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
DiseaseParkinson disease 4 (PARK4) [MIM:605543]: A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
DomainThe 'non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque' domain (NAC domain) is involved in fibrils formation. The middle hydrophobic region forms the core of the filaments. The C- terminus may regulate aggregation and determine the diameter of the filaments. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19722699}.
FunctionMay be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation.
InteractionSelf; NbExp=28; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-985879; P49841:GSK3B; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-373586; P08107:HSPA1B; NbExp=7; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-629985; P42858:HTT; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-466029; Q5S007:LRRK2; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-5323863; P10636-8:MAPT; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-366233; P00414:MT-CO3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-3932264; Q9UI14:RABAC1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-712367; Q01959:SLC6A3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-6661445; Q61327:Slc6a3 (xeno); NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-7839708; Q9Y6H5:SNCAIP; NbExp=22; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-717182; P17600:SYN1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-985879, EBI-717274;
PtmAcetylation at Met-1 seems to be important for proper folding and native oligomeric structure. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22407793}.
PtmHallmark lesions of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies contain alpha-synuclein that is modified by nitration of tyrosine residues and possibly by dityrosine cross-linking to generated stable oligomers.
PtmPhosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10617630, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10852916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11162638, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11813001, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12893833}.
PtmUbiquitinated. The predominant conjugate is the diubiquitinated form (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
SimilarityBelongs to the synuclein family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationCytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Cell junction, synapse. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons.
SubunitSoluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1 (By similarity). Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11821392, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12859192, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15615727}.
Tissue SpecificityExpressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.
Web ResourceName=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/snca/";
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