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MGP004959

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene Namehematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase
Protein EntryHPGDS_HUMAN
UniProt IDO60760
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
Biophysicochemical PropertiesKinetic parameters: KM=8 mM for glutathione for the glutathione-conjugating activity {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; KM=0.6 mM for glutathione for the prostaglandin D synthase activity in the presence of EDTA {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; KM=0.14 mM for glutathione for the prostaglandin D synthase activity in the presence of magnesium ions {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=8.6 umol/min/mg enzyme with 1-bromo-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=5.1 umol/min/mg enzyme with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=44.3 umol/min/mg enzyme with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=10.7 umol/min/mg enzyme with 1-iodo-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=6.8 umol/min/mg enzyme with allyl isothiocyanate as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=6.3 umol/min/mg enzyme with benzyl isothiocyanate as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825}; Vmax=0.05 umol/min/mg enzyme with cumene hydroperoxide as substrate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825};
Catalytic Activity(5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha-epidioxy-15- hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate = (5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy- 11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.
Catalytic ActivityRX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione.
CofactorName=glutathione; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57925; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10824118, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353279, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264}; Note=Glutathione is required for the prostaglandin D synthase activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10824118, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353279, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264};
Developmental StageHighest levels in immature megakaryocytic cells. Disappears after final differentiation to platelets. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264}.
Enzyme RegulationProstaglandin PGD2 synthesis is stimulated by calcium and magnesium ions. One calcium or magnesium ion is bound between the subunits of the homodimer. The interactions with the protein are for the most part mediated via water molecules. Magnesium increases the affinity for glutathione, while calcium has no effect on the affinity for glutathione. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223}.
FunctionBifunctional enzyme which catalyzes both the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and the conjugation of glutathione with a wide range of aryl halides and organic isothiocyanates. Also exhibits low glutathione-peroxidase activity towards cumene hydroperoxide. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10824118, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16547010, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19939518, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353279, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264}.
InductionBy 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264}.
SimilarityBelongs to the GST superfamily. Sigma family. {ECO:0000305}.
SimilarityContains 1 GST C-terminal domain. {ECO:0000305}.
SimilarityContains 1 GST N-terminal domain. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationCytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353279}.
SubunitHomodimer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627223, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15113825, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16547010, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18341273, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19939518}.
Tissue SpecificityExpressed in a number of megakaryocytic cell lines but not in platelets. Highly expressed in adipose tissue, macrophages and placenta. Also expressed at lower levels in lung, heart, lymph nodes, appendix, bone marrow and fetal liver. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10824118, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11672424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9353279, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9425264}.
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